Late Oligocene and Early Miocene Muroidea of the Zinda Pir Dome

Figures & data

Figure 1 Dental terminology for muroid rodents, upper molars (M1-M3) above and lower molars (m1-m3) below. Anterior to right; lingual and labial directions indicated. (1) Anterocone (-id), (2) Paracone, (3) Metacone (-id), (4) Protocone (-id), (5) Hypocone (-id), (6) Entoconid, (7) Protocone (-id) anterior arm, (8) Protoloph I, (9) Protoloph (-id) II or protoconid posterior arm, (10) Anteroloph (-id), (11) Paraloph, (12) Paracone posterior spur, (13) Metaconid lingual spur, (14) Mesoloph (-id), (15) Ectolophid, (16) Metaloph (-id), (17) Entolophid, (18) Mesostyle (-id), (19) Ectostyle (-id), (20) Hypoloph (-id), (21) Anterior mure, (22) posterior mure, (23) Anterior labial cingulum, (24) Anterior lingual cingulum, (25) Labial cingulum, (26) Lingual cingulum, (27) Posterior cingulum, (28) Lingual sinus or lingual transverse valley, (29) Sinusid or labial transverse valley, (30) Posterior labial sulcus, (31) Anterolingual notch.

Figure 2 Magnetostratigraphy and timescale for the Zinda Pir Dome, with correlation of key small mammal fossil localities. Magnetozones for the Vihowa and Chitarwata Formations, with fossil localities (Z numbers) are plotted on the right, with correlation to the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale on the left. Figure adapted from Flynn et al. 2013.

Figure 3 Line drawing of PMNH specimen 2127, Atavocricetodon sp., upper molar from locality Z144. Anterior to right; scale bar is 1 mm.

Figure 4 Early Rhizomyinae. Line drawings (a-d) of large body-size species from locality Z122: (a) M2 PMNH 2330, (b) m1 PMNH 2345, (c) m3 or m2 PMNH 2344, (d) m3 PMNH 2433. Lophodonty of P. kowalskii M1 PMNH 678 (e) compared to that of larger m3 PMNH 2433, (f) anterior to left.

Figure 5 Primus microps. Anterior is to the right. (a) PMNH 788, left M3 (reversed); (b) PMNH 665, left M2 (reversed); (c) PMNH 662, right M1; (d) PMNH 625, right m3; (e) PMNH 2160, left m2 (reversed); (f) PMNH 677, right m1. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 6 Primus cheemai. Anterior is to the right. (a) PMNH 622, right M3; (b) PMNH 793, right M2; (c) PMNH 631, right M1; (d) PMNH 1061, left m3 (reversed); (e) PMNH 1058, right m2; (f) PMNH 2001, right m1 (type). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 7 Democricetodon khani. Anterior is to the right. (a) PMNH 538, right M3; (b) PMNH 355, right M2; (c) PMNH 349, left M1 (reversed); (d) PMNH 496, right m3; (e) PMNH 358, right m2; (f) PMNH 376, right m1. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 8 Myocricetodon tomidai. Anterior is to the left. (a) PMNH 394, left M1 (type); (b) PMNH 456, left M2; (c) PMNH 489, left M3; (d) PMNH 413, right m1 (reversed); (e) PMNH 452, left m2; (f) PMNH 407, left m3. Length of scale bar is 1 mm.

Figure 9 Potwarmus mahmoodi. Anterior is to the right. (a) PMNH 491, left M3 (reversed); (b) PMNH 479, right M2; (c) PMNH 397, right M1; (d) PMNH 410, right m3; (e) PMNH 511, right m2; (f) PMNH 515, left m1 (reversed; type). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Flynn LJ, Lindsay EH, Pilbeam D, Raza SM, Morgan ME, Barry JC, Badgley CE, Behrensmeyer AK, Cheema IU, Rajpar AR, et al. 2013. The Siwaliks and Neogene evolutionary biology in South Asia. In: Wang X, Flynn LJ, Fortelius M, editors. Fossil mammals of Asia. New York: Columbia University Press; p. 353–372.

 Google Scholar