Childhood thyroid autoimmunity and relation to islet autoantibodies in children at risk for type 1 diabetes in the diabetes prediction in skåne (DiPiS) study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flowchart of children screened at birth and followed in the DiPiS study to 10 years of age, and the distribution of thyroid autoantibodies in the population.

Table 3. Correlations between TPOAb and TGAb levels in thyroid autoantibody positive children.

Thyroid autoantibody	All	Male	Female
TGAb	TPOAb n = 82	TPOAb n = 20	TPOAb n = 62
Rs	0.40	0.52	0.29
p-Value	<.001	.02	.02
	TGAb	TGAb	TGAb
TPOAb	n = 109	n = 31	n = 62
Rs	0.38	0.34	0.35
p-Value	<.001	.06	.02

Test used is Spearman rank-order coefficient (rs).

Bold values are statistically significant.

Figure 2. QQ plot showing the distribution and cut off for (a) TGAb levels (93 dots lie above the scale) and (b) TPOAb levels (60 dots lie above the scale) in 10-year-old children in the DiPiS study.

Figure 3. TPOAb and TGAb levels in females and males positive for thyroid autoimmunity at 10 years. Test; Wilcoxon.

Table 1. Associations between islet autoantibodies and autoantibodies against TPO and TG at 10 years, χ² test and fishers exact were used for analysis.

	All n = 1874			Female n = 931			Male n = 943
	TPOAb			TPOAb			TPOAb
	OR	95% CI	p-Value	OR	95% CI	p-Value	OR	95% CI	p-Value
Gender (F/M)	3.1	1.9–5.2	<.001
GADA	3.4	1.7–6.9	.002	2.5	0.7–7.0	.069	6.9	2.4–20	.002
IA-2A	4.9	2.1–11.5	.001	3.1	0.7–11.6	.098	11.2	3.4–36	.001
ZnT8A	6.3	2.6–14.9	<.001	4.0	0.7–15.5	.06	14.2	4.3–47	.001
IAA	2.2	0.8–6.3	.13	0.6	0.1–4.4	1.0	8.9	2.4–33	.009
	TGAb			TGAb			TGAb
	OR	95% CI	p-Value	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-Value
Gender (F/M)	2.5	1.7–3.8	<.001
GADA	1.9	0.9–4.0	.094	1.1	0.2–3.5	.76	4.2	1.2–12	.013
IA2A	2.4	0.9–6.2	.07	0.7	0.1–4.6	1.0	6.9	1.6–23	.005
ZnT8A	3.0	1.1–7.9	.021	0.8	0.1–5.7	1.0	8.8	2.0–30	.003
IAA	0.8	0.2–3.1	1.0	0	0	0	3.4	0.8–16	.14
	Both thyroid Ab			Both thyroid Ab			Both thyroid Ab
	OR	95% CI	p-Value	OR	95% CI	p-Value	OR	95% CI	p-Value
Gender	3.3	1.8–5.9	<.001
GADA	2.1	0.8–5.3	.117	1.2	0.3–5.1	0.70	5.3	1.4–19	.031
IA2A	2.4	0.7–8.1	.144	0	0	0	11.3	3.0–43	.005
ZnT8A	4.2	1.4–12.5	.022	1.5	0.2–11.4	0.52	14.2	3.7–55	.003
IAA	1.4	0.3–5.8	.659	0	0	0	7.8	1.6–37	.038

Bold values are statistically significant.

Table 2. Correlation between islet autoantibody and thyroid autoantibody levels in islet autoantibody positive children.

	All n = 1874		Male n = 943		Female n = 931
Islet autoantibody	TPOAb	TGAb	TPOAb	TGAb	TPOAb	TGAb
GADA	n = 79	n = 79	n = 45	n = 45	n = 17	n = 34
Rs	0.16	0.18	0.23	0.38	0.05	−0.07
p-Value	.16	.10	.14	.009	.77	.68
IA-2A	n = 40	n = 40	n = 23	n = 23	n = 17	n = 17
Rs	0.36	0.40	0.51	0.38	0.15	0.27
p-Value	.02	.01	.013	.07	.57	.3
ZnT8A	n = 4	n = 4	n = 3	n = 3	n = 1	n = 1
Rs	−0.26	0.05	−0.87	−0.18	–	0.13
p-Value	.7	.58	.33	.36	–	.24

Test used is Spearman rank-order coefficient (rs).

Bold values are statistically significant.

Figure 4. The age of TPOAb and TGAb appearance in thyroid autoantibody positive children. Panel; (a) Children positive for TPOAb and TGAb, (b) Children positive for TPOAb or TGAb, (c) Children positive for TPOAb and (d) Children positive for TGAb.