Oil Extraction and Benefit Sharing in an Illiberal Context: The Nenets and Komi-Izhemtsi Indigenous Peoples in the Russian Arctic

Figures & data

Figure 1. Map of the Nenets autonomous okrug and Komi Republic.

Table 1. Interviews and focus groups.

Location	Time	Number of interviews/focus groups
NAO	May–June 2011	89
NAO	April 2013	10
NAO	April–May 2014	14
Komi Republic	February–March 2015	35, plus 3 focus groups
Komi Republic	January 2016	3
Moscow	April 2015	7
Germany (by Skype)	February 2016	1
Total	May 2011–February 2016	159

NAO, Nenets autonomous okrug.

Table

Date	Place	Category	Interviews	Number
28 May–14 June 2011, NAO	Narian-Mar	Reindeer herding enterprises	Deputy director, Reindeer Enterprise (28 May 2011)	1
			Director, Reindeer Herding Cooperative (14 June 2011)	1
		Oil industry representatives	Representatives, Lukoil-Komi Company (29 May 2011)	3
			Representative, Nenets Oil Company (13 June 2011)	1
			Representative, Polar Lights Company (13 June 2011)	1
			Representative, Narianmarneftegaz Company (13 June 2011)	1
			Representative, Total Oil Company (13 June 2011)	1
		Indigenous organizations	Yasavei executive director (06 June 2011), vice-president, member and duma deputy of Polar district, (28 May 2011)	3
			Indigenous Nenets people, living in Narian-Mar, previously involved in reindeer herding (02 June 2011, 03 June 2011)	8
			Representative, Izviatas (02 June 2011)	1
		NAO administration	Deputy director of the Department of Natural Resources (01 May 2012)	1
			Director, Agency on Indigenous People and Traditional Nature Use (01 June 2011)	1
			Advisor to the NAO Governor (01 June 2011)	1
		Other	Researchers at the Reindeer Husbandry Experimental Station (01 June 2011)	2
			Local newspaper editor (06 June 2011)	1
	Village A	Municipality	Director of Municipality (04 June 2011)	1
		People’s deputies	Director, People’s Deputy Council and People’s Deputy member (04 June 2011)	2
		Reindeer herders	Representatives, Reindeer Herder Cooperative (3), (30 May 2011)	3
		Education workers	Director of the boarding school and school director (04 June 2011)	2
		Ordinary citizens	High school student, housing employee, retired person (04 June 2011)	3
	Village B	Municipality	Director of Municipality (04 June 20110	1
			Director of the People’s Deputy Council and People’s Deputy members (2) (04 June 2011)	3
			Director, Housing Commission (04 June 20110	1
		Education and culture workers	Director of the kindergarten, school director, teacher of geography (04 June 2011)
			Director of Ethno-Cultural Center, Director of Sport Center, Director of the Folk Group (05 June 2011)	3
		Reindeer herders	Director of the Brigade (3), Reindeer Herder (4) (05 June 2011)	7
	Village C	Municipality	Director of the Municipality (07 June 2011)	1
			Director, People’s Deputy Council and People’s Deputy Member (07 June 2011)	2
		Education workers	Teachers of Nenets language and culture, of mathematics, literature (12 June 2011)	3
		Journalists	Local newspaper editor (12 June 2011)	1
		Ordinary citizens	Fire-fighter, hunter, house wife, director of folk group, folk group singer, retired people (7), director of veteran’s council, cultural worker, school accountant, baker, fur artisans (3) (07 June 2011–11 June 2011)	20
		Reindeer herders	Director of the Brigade and Reindeer Herders (4) (10 June 2011–11 June 2011)	5
			Representative of Reindeer Cooperative (12 June 2011)	1
			Dispatcher at the Reindeer Cooperative (12 June 2011)	1
	Ardalin oil deposit	Oil industry representatives	Polar Lights Company representatives: Director of Oil and Gas Development and deputy director of Oil and Gas Development (30 May 2011)	2
21–24 April 2013, NAO	Narian-Mar	NAO administration	Deputy director of social issues (22 April 2013)	1
			Deputy director of Administration on Infrastructural Development (22 Aprin 2013)	1
			Advisor to the NAO Governor (24 April 2013)	1
			Director of Education and Youth Policy (23 April 2013)	1
			Director of Management Department on Indigenous Peoples (25 April 2013)	1
			Director of Management of Cultural (25 April 2013)	1
		Museum workers	Museum Historian (22 April 2013)	1
		Indigenous people’s organizations	Yasavei executive director and lawyers (23 April 2013)	3
			Director, Izviatas (24 April 2013)
3 April–7 May 2014, NAO	Narian-Mar	NAO administration	Vice-Governor (04 April 2014)	1
			Director, Department of Natural Resources and Ecology (07 April 2015)	1
			Deputy director, Management of Natural Resources (04 April 2014)	1
		Museum workers	Nenets Museum of Natural History (13 April 2014)	3
		Education workers	Representative, Narian-Mar Socio-Humanitarian College (13 April 2014)	1
		Researchers	Director of Experimental Station (11 April 2015)	1
		Reindeer herders	Hear of Reindeer Enterprise (08 April 2014),	3
			Former director of a Reindeer Herding Enterprise (17 April 2014)
			Current director of a Reindeer Herding Enterprise (18 April 2014)
		NGOs	WWF representative at NAO (07 April 2014),	2
			Director, Society of Natural History (28 April 2014)
		Museum workers	Director, Museum of Natural History (07 April 2014)	1

NAO, Nenets autonomous okrug.

Table

Date	Place	Category	Interviews	Number
20 February–4 March 2015	Izhma	Activists	Activists in Save Pechora and Izviatas	11
20 February 2015	Syktyvkar	Rosprirodnadzor Komi Republic (Russia’s environmental protection agency)	Representative	1
21 February 2015	Krasnoborsk	Activist	Activist in Save Pechora and school teacher	1
21 February 2015	Vertep	Activist	Activists in Save Pechora and school teachers	1
21 February 2015	Scheljejur	Activist	Activist in Save Pechora	1
24 February 2015	Izhma	Local administration Izhma	Deputy Social Issues	1
24 February 2015	Izhma	Local administration Izhma	Heads of administration of the municipal district Izhma	2
25 February 2015	Usinsk	Lukoil-Komi	Director of Legal Affairs	1
25 February 2015	Usinsk	Lukoil-Komi	Representatives Public Relations/Public Affairs	2
26 February 2015	Usinsk	Lukoil-Komi	Museum guide of the Lukoil-Komi museum	1
27 February 2015	Syktyvkar	Activist	Leader of Save Pechora	1
27 February 2015	Usinsk	Regional Administration	Head of Territorial Development of Ecology and Nature	1
27 February 2015	Usinsk	Regional Administration	Representative of Department of Regional Development and Nature Management	1
28 February 2015	Syktyvkar	Activist	Leader of Izviatas	1
March 2015	Pechora	Trinity-Pechora region	Deputies SPC	2
March 2015	Kolva	Reindeer herding companies	Representatives	3
4 March 2015	Syktyvkar	Ministry of Natural Resources of the Republic of Komi	Minister and representative	2
5 March 2015	Siziabsk	Reindeer herding brigade	Director of the Reindeer herding brigade Izhemtsi Olenevod Vise-director of Izhemtsi Olenevod	2
22 April 2015	Moscow	State Duma	Members of State Duma Committee on Natural Resources, Environment and Ecology	2
22 April 2015	Moscow	State Duma	Deputy chief of staff of the State Duma Committee on Budget and Taxes	1
24 April 2015	Moscow	Lukoil	Representatives of the Department of Social Programs	2
24 April 2015	Moscow	Lukoil	Head of Department of Corporate Activity	1
24 April 2015	Moscow	WWF Russia	Representative	1
20–21 January 2016	Syktyvkar, village Ib	SPC, Izviatas	Activists	3
4 February 2016	Skype	International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), Institut für Ökologie und Aktionsethnologie e.V. (INFOE)	Employee and activist	1
4 February 2016	St. Petersburg	University of Lapland, European University St. Petersburg	Researcher	1

Table

Date	Place	Category	Interviews
22 February 2015	Izhma	Activists	Activists in focus group discussion
22 February 2015	Izhma	Activists	Activists’ discussion in hotel
28 February 2015	Izhma	Activists	Round table discussion with activists