Three-Port Versus Five-Port Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy for Early Gastric Cancer Patients: A Propensity Score Matched Case-Control Study

Figures & data

FIGURE 1 (A) The port locations for TP-LDG are shown. The assistant's instruments and endoscope are introduced through an OCTO™ Port (DalimsurgNET, Seoul, Korea) in the umbilicus. The Operator's laparoscopic instruments are introduced through the ports in the right side of the abdomen. (B) The appearance of the wound 14 days after TP-LDG is shown.

TABLE 1 Patient demographics

Variable	FP-LDG (n = 48)	TP-LDG (n = 48)	p Value
Sex			.681
Male	28 (58.3)	26 (54.2)
Female	20 (41.7)	22 (45.8)
Age (year)	57 (34–76)	57 (38–75)	.950
BMI^a (kg/m^2)	24.5 (16.8–31.2)	24.3 (17.3–31.1)	.378
Comorbidity	24 (50)	20 (41.7)	.413
ASA^b classification			.892
I	22 (45.8)	23 (47.9)
II	22 (45.8)	20 (41.7)
III	4 (8.4)	5 (10.4)
Previous abdominal surgery	6 (12.5)	3 (6.3)	.294

Data are expressed as n (%) or median (range).

^a Body mass index.

^b American Society of Anesthesiologist.

TABLE 2 Pathologic characteristics

Variable	FP-LDG (n = 48)	TP-LDG (n = 48)	p Value
Tumor size (cm)	2.0 (0.4–7.5)	2.0 (0.8–9.0)	.457
Tumor location			.235
Middle third	12 (25)	22 (45.8)
Lower third	36 (75)	26 (54.2)
Proximal resection margin (cm)	3.0 (0.4–15.5)	3.5 (0.7–12.5)	.736
Distal resection margin (cm)	6.2 (2.0–12.5)	6.0 (0.5–14.0)	.487
Lauren classification			.814
Intestinal	25 (52.1)	26 (54.2)
Diffuse	21 (43.8)	20 (41.6)
Mixed	2 (4.2)	2 (4.2)
Depth of invasion			.985
T1a	37 (77.1)	27 (56.3)
T1b	5 (10.4)	17 (35.4)
T2	2 (4.2)	4 (8.3)
T3	4 (8.3)	0 (0)
Total retrieved lymph nodes	48 (23–116)	49 (24–82)	.714
N stage			.143
N0	41 (85.4)	43 (89.6)
N1	3 (6.2)	5 (10.4)
N2	2 (4.2)	0 (0)
N3a	2 (4.2)	0 (0)

Data are expressed as n (%) or median (range).

TABLE 3 Postoperative outcomes

Variable	FP-LDG (n = 48)	TP-LDG (n = 48)	p Value
Umbilical wound length (cm)	3.9 (3.7–4.0)	3.4 (3.0–4.0)	.000
Operative time (min)	250 (180–320)	230 (190–310)	.036
Estimated blood loss (mL)	80 (40–150)	68 (20–180)	.005
Time to first flatus (day)	3 (2–5)	3 (2–5)	.393
Time to soft diet feeding (day)	6 (5–10)	6 (5–12)	.789
VAS^a of postoperative pain
POD^b 1	3 (2–7)	3 (2–7)	.167
POD 3	3 (2–7)	3 (2–8)	.094
POD 5	3 (1–4)	3 (2–7)	1.000
Postoperative hospital stay (day)	13 (8–21)	13 (8–30)	.472

Data are expressed as median (range).

^a Visual analogue scale.

^b Postoperative day.

TABLE 4 Inflammatory profiles

Variable	FP-LDG (n = 48)	TP-LDG (n = 48)	p Value
Inflammatory profile
WBC^a count (× 10^3/mm^3)
POD^c 1	10.5 (4.9–21.1)	9.0 (3.8–16.5)	.012
POD 2	10.7 (1.3–21.5)	9.1 (5.5–21.0)	.357
POD 4	6.8 (3.5–13.2)	6.1 (3.4–13.0)	.027
POD 7	6.3 (3.2–16.2)	6.5 (3.0–14.9)	.938
CRP^b (mg/dL)
POD 1	3.4 (0.5–10.0)	3.0 (1.1–8.1)	.991
POD 2	10.6 (1.5–28.1)	11.5 (3.0–25.0)	.758
POD 4	7.1 (1.1–26.8)	8.7 (0.8–23.7)	.608
POD 7	2.5 (0.5–19.8)	4.0 (0.4–17.7)	.691

Data are expressed as median (range).

^a White blood cell.

^b C-reactive protein.

^c Postoperative day.

TABLE 5 Complications by Clavien-Dindo classification

Variable	FP-LDG (n = 48)	TP-LDG (n = 48)	p Value
Complications	6 (12.6)	4 (8.4)	.504
Grade I
Wound infection	1 (2.1)	0
Grade II
Pneumonia	1 (2.1)	0
Pancreatitis	0	1 (2.1)
Intraabdominal bleeding	1 (2.1)	0
Leakage	2 (4.2)	0
Fluid collection	0	3 (6.3)
Stenosis	1 (2.1)	0

Data are expressed as n (%).