Preparing to lead in combat: Development of leadership self-efficacy by static-line parachuting

Figures & data

Table 1. The Leadership Self-Efficacy Scale (LSES) with its 2 subscales.

Leader self-control efficacy

I can easily shift attention away from thoughts that scare me.

I can easily distract myself from thoughts that might interfere with my task at hand

I am always able to perform despite any fear brought on by thoughts that are frightening

Leader assertiveness efficacy

I can set a personal example for colleagues and subordinates

I can easily confront my peers when they go against regulation and correct or report them if need be

I can easily lead others, maintain the same high standards, and not be seen as hypocritical.

Figure 1. Means and 95% confidence intervals for self-control and assertiveness for jumping and non-jumping groups.