A decade of non-sorted solid urban wastes inputs safely increases sorghum yield in periurban areas of Burkina Faso

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Cd, Cu and Zn contents in the sorghum grains and straw from sites that have received non-sorted solid urban wastes (SUW) for less than 5 years, for more than 5 years and less than 10 years and for more than 10 years, in periurban areas of Ouagadougou.

Table I. Clay, total C and N, NaOH extractable inorganic P and pH of the 0–15 and 15–30 cm layer of soils from sites that have received non-sorted solid urban wastes (SUW) for less than 5 years, for more than 5 years and less than 10 years and for more than 10 years, in periurban areas of Ouagadougou.

	Field codes	Sampling horizon	Clay	Total C	Total N	NaOHPi	pH
Duration of SUW application		cm		g kg^−1
	F9		263	11.3	0.72	0.23	7.7
	F10	0–15	100	9.50	0.64	0.18	8.5
	F11		85	14.5	0.96	0.42	8.5
> 10 years	F9		100	6.13	0.39	0.19	8.3
	F10	15–30	110	5.91	0.42	0.07	8.5
	F11		133	7.76	0.49	0.18	8.6
	F2		103	5.05	0.25	0.03	7.9
	F4		208	6.88	0.47	0.07	7.9
	F6	0–15	258	8.52	0.57	0.06	8.4
	F14		345	10.1	0.83	0.17	8.4
	F13		178	8.11	0.50	0.06	8.2
5-10 years	F2		175	3.07	0.19	0.01	7.2
	F4		140	5.38	0.38	0.02	7.1
	F6	15–30	385	3.86	0.25	0.02	7.5
	F14		103	6.78	0.38	0.02	7.1
	F13		158	6.96	0.47	0.07	8.3
	F1		Nm	7.13	0.44	0.01	6.3
	F3		123	6.64	0.43	0.03	6.8
	F5		110	5.01	0.32	0.01	6.9
	F7	0–15	163	6.44	0.37	0.03	7.6
	F8		113	5.92	0.41	0.04	8.1
	F12		180	15.8	1.09	0.07	7.7
< 5 years	F1		113	4.44	0.25	0.01	6.1
	F3		265	5.90	0.37	0.02	6.5
	F5		108	4.91	0.31	0.01	7.0
	F7	15–30	155	5.10	0.29	0.02	7.0
	F8		83	5.15	0.31	0.02	7.8
	F12		223	9.00	0.52	0.02	6.6
Nm: not measured.

Table II. Bray 1 P, water extractable P (Cp) and isotopically exchangeable P contents of the 0–15 and 15–30 cm layer of the soils from sites that have received non-sorted solid urban wastes (SUW) for less than 5 years, for more than 5 years and less than 10 years and for more than 10 years, in periurban areas of Ouagadougou.

		Sampling horizon	Bray 1 P	Cp	n	m	E1min	E1min to 1day	E1day to 3 months	E>3 months
Duration of SUW application	Field codes	cm	mg kg^−1	µg l^−1				mg kg^−1
	F9		26.3	124	0.10	0.95	1.37	1.29	1.45	224
	F10	0–15	26.8	166	0.08	0.80	2.06	1.60	1.56	172
	F11		52.2	518	0.11	1.04	5.42	5.19	6.29	405
> 10 years	F9		10.5	34.5	0.12	0.50	0.69	0.97	1.19	189
	F10	15–30	9.91	15.0	0.26	0.12	1.28	6.21	11.9	55.1
	F11		27.8	105	0.08	0.79	1.33	1.05	1.03	175
	F2		8.01	38.8	0.10	0.90	0.44	0.44	0.48	30.5
	F4		8.72	16.7	0.09	0.84	0.20	0.19	0.20	66.0
	F6	0–15	14.3	79.1	0.09	0.93	0.87	0.76	0.81	57.7
	F14		15.3	89.2	0.15	1.09	0.95	1.52	2.40	163
	F13		10.1	23.3	0.09	0.75	0.31	0.29	0.30	63.4
5–10 years	F2		2.63	14.2	0.09	0.68	0.21	0.19	0.19	12.8
	F4		1.10	2.29	0.26	0.15	0.15	0.78	1.72	15.0
	F6	15–30	2.88	12.2	0.09	0.76	0.16	0.14	0.14	19.0
	F14		1.32	7.80	0.27	0.16	0.48	2.45	4.32	12.3
	F13		7.74	24.6	0.24	0.34	0.71	3.21	6.55	60.3
	F1		1.07	1.29	0.30	0.30	0.04	0.33	0.97	9.92
	F3		2.78	15.3	0.18	0.32	0.46	1.20	1.84	23.7
	F5	0–15	1.04	6.85	0.27	0.51	0.14	0.72	1.58	10.0
	F7		3.58	38.7	0.11	0.94	0.43	0.46	0.55	32.9
	F8		5.17	12.8	0.12	0.85	0.15	0.21	0.27	40.3
	F12		7.25	19.4	0.19	0.27	0.72	2.08	3.45	59.3
<5 years	F1		0.43	7.02	0.31	0.09	0.70	2.90	2.19	1.49
	F3		1.01	1.25	0.49	0.08	0.16	3.95	8.56	4.50
	F5		0.37	19.8	0.39	0.14	1.21	5.45	1.96	0.56
	F7	15–30	1.62	11.4	0.10	0.89	0.13	0.13	0.15	15.5
	F8		2.02	8.47	0.30	0.18	0.45	3.01	5.48	10.6
	F12		1.07	8.00	0.42	0.07	1.15	10.4	7.43	2.51

Table III. EDTA extractable heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni and Cr) contents of the 0–15 and 15–30 cm layer of the soils from sites that have received non-sorted solid urban wastes (SUW) for less than 5 years, for more than 5 years and less than 10 years and for more than 10 years, in periurban areas of Ouagadougou.

		Sampling horizon	Cd	Cu	Zn	Pb	Ni	Cr
Duration of SUW application	Field codes	cm	mg kg^−1
	F9		0.04	2.93	25.9	7.57	0.63	0.09
	F10	0–15	0.31	5.86	40.7	56.3	1.02	0.11
	F11		0.08	3.71	43.5	92.6	1.22	0.19
> 10 years	F9		0.02	1.71	20.4	3.89	0.49	0.07
	F10	15–30	0.06	3.09	15.3	23.2	0.92	0.02
	F11		0.03	12.95	16.3	28.7	0.76	0.13
	F2		0.01	0.91	5.20	1.51	0.48	0.03
	F4		0.04	5.43	13.4	4.97	0.31	0.01
	F6		0.01	0.91	5.20	1.51	0.48	0.03
	F14	0–15	0.11	2.12	23.7	9.79	0.49	0.13
	F13		0.03	7.91	27.4	12.5	0.44	0.04
5–10 years	F2		0.01	0.79	1.79	1.21	0.32	0.05
	F4		0.01	1.46	2.24	2.21	0.12	Nd
	F6	15–30	0.01	0.76	16.2	2.13	0.16	Nd
	F14		0.01	1.61	1.74	2.17	0.14	0.03
	F13		0.04	1.08	10.3	4.00	0.32	0.02
	F1		0.03	0.69	0.49	2.26	0.17	0.02
	F3		0.01	1.41	1.69	1.88	0.65	0.01
	F5		0.01	0.94	1.12	1.81	0.53	0.01
	F7	0–15	0.01	0.99	4.00	2.61	0.57	Nd
	F8		0.02	0.97	9.74	2.68	0.23	0.01
	F12		0.03	2.45	18.7	6.70	0.54	0.06
<5 years	F1		0.004	0.72	0.67	3.04	0.08	0.04
	F3		0.004	1.59	0.72	1.86	0.51	0.04
	F5		0.004	1.04	0.72	1.64	0.37	Nd
	F7	15–30	0.01	0.72	0.94	1.69	0.64	0.002
	F8		0.02	1.01	9.55	3.26	0.18	0.03
	F12		0.004	1.37	1.61	2.53	0.18	0.06
Nd: not detected.

Table IV. Sorghum grain and straw yields and N, P contents in the grain and straw from sites that have received non-sorted solid urban wastes (SUW) for less than 5 years, for more than 5 years and less than 10 years and for more than 10 years, in periurban areas of Ouagadougou.

		Grain yields	Straw yields	N in grain	N in straw	P in grain	P in straw
Duration of SUW application	Field codes	t ha^−1		g kg^−1 dry matter
	F9	2.8	7.1	20.4	8.8	1.0	0.7
> 10 years	F10	2.0	3.7	18.9	4.1	1.5	1.1
	F11	1.9	3.7	17.8	4.4	1.0	0.8
	F2	2.5	6.1	17.7	5.4	0.7	0.5
	F4	2.5	6.8	17.2	4.4	0.7	0.5
5–10 years	F6	2.2	5.8	17.7	8.5	1.0	0.8
	F14	2.4	6.2	17.5	4.4	0.8	0.5
	F1	1.0	3.3	16.2	4.8	1.0	0.5
	F3	1.0	4.4	15.3	5.6	0.9	0.9
<5 years	F5	0.9	4.2	17.0	5.4	1.0	0.6
	F7	0.9	4.0	16.2	4.3	1.0	0.6

Table V. Results of ANOVA showing the source of variation of the measured parameters on soil and plant samples from sites that have received non-sorted solid urban wastes (SUW) for less than 5 years, for more than 5 years and less than 10 years and for more than 10 years, in periurban areas of Ouagadougou.

	Variables measured on soil samples
Source of variation	Clay	Total C	Total N	NaOHPi	pH
Horizon	ns	**	**	**	ns
Duration of SUW application	ns	ns	ns	***	***
Duration of SUW application×Horizon	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Bray1 P	CP	n	M	E1 min	E1 min to 1 day	E1 day to 3 months	E>3 months
Horizon	***	**	ns	***	ns	ns	ns	**
Duration of SUW application	***	***	**	ns	***	ns	ns	***
Duration of SUW application×Horizon	*	*	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Cd	Cu	Zn	Pb	Ni	Cr
Horizon	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns
Duration of SUW application	*	ns	***	***	***	***
Duration of SUW application×Horizon	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	Variables measured on plant samples
	Grain yields	Straw yields	N Grain	N straw	P Grain	P Straw
Duration of SUW application	***	ns	**	ns	ns	ns
	Cd Grain	Cd Straw	Cu Grain	Cu Straw	Zn Grain	Zn straw
Duration of SUW application	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
*P=0.01–0.05, **P=0.01–0.001, ***P<0.001, ns: not significant.