Heavy metal uptake and translocation by Justicia gendarussa Burm F. from textile sludge contaminated soil

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Change in pH (a) and total carbon (%) (b) in the growth media at harvest of Justicia gendarussa as influenced by different treatments. Growth media indicates different proportion of textile factory sludge and soil, i.e. S₀ = 100% soil, S₁ = 100% textile factory sludge, S₂ = 80% textile factory sludge + 20% soil, S₃ = 60% textile factory sludge + 40% soil, S₄ = 40% textile factory sludge + 60% soil and S₅ = 20% textile factory sludge + 80% soil. Means ± SE are shown in error bar (p = 0.05).

Figure 2.  Plant height (a), basal diameter (b) and number of leaves (c) of Justicia gendarussa at different weeks after planting as influenced by different treatments (increase per two weeks). Growth media indicates different proportion of textile sludge and soil, i.e. S₀ = 100% soil, S₁ = 100% textile factory sludge, S₂ = 80% textile factory sludge + 20% soil, S₃ = 60% textile factory sludge + 40% soil, S₄ = 40% textile factory sludge + 60% soil and S₅ = 20% textile factory sludge + 80% soil. Means ± SE are shown in error bar (p = 0.05).

Figure 3.  Dry biomass of leaves, stems and roots of Justicia gendarussa at harvest as influenced by different treatments. Growth media indicates different proportion of textile sludge and soil, i.e. S₀ = 100% soil, S₁ = 100% textile factory sludge, S₂ = 80% textile factory sludge + 20% soil, S₃ = 60% textile factory sludge + 40% soil, S₄ = 40% textile factory sludge + 60% soil and S₅ = 20% textile factory sludge + 80% soil. Means ± SE are shown in error bars (p = 0.05).

Figure 4.  Change in iron (a), copper (b), aluminium (c) and zinc (d) concentrations in the growth media after cultivation of Justicia gendarussa as influenced by different treatments. Growth media indicates different proportion of textile sludge and soil, i.e. S₀ = 100% soil, S₁ = 100% textile factory sludge, S₂ = 80% textile factory sludge + 20% soil, S₃ = 60% textile factory sludge + 40% soil, S₄ = 40% textile factory sludge + 60% soil and S₅ = 20% textile factory sludge + 80% soil. Means ±SE are shown in error bars (p = 0.05).

Figure 5.  Iron (a), Copper (b), Aluminium (c) and Zinc (d) accumulation in different parts of Justicia gendarussa as influenced by different treatments. Growth media indicates different proportion of textile sludge and soil such as S₀ = 100% soil, S₁ = 100% textile factory sludge, S₂ = 80% textile factory sludge + 20% soil, S₃ = 60% textile factory sludge + 40% soil, S₄ = 40% textile factory sludge + 60% soil and S₅ = 20% textile factory sludge + 80% soil. Means ± SE are shown in error bars (p = 0.05).

Table I. Bioconcentration and translocation factors of heavy metals in Justicia gendarussa as influenced by different treatments.

	Bioconcentration factor (BCF)^+			Translocation factor (TF)^++
Treatment	Iron	Copper	Zinc	Iron	Copper	Zinc
S0	0.011	0.24	0.34	0.08	1.27	3.42
S1	0.059	0.01	0.01	0.22	1.67	3.78
S2	0.008	0.02	0.02	1.13	1.73	6.43
S3	0.005	0.02	0.02	0.50	1.50	4.08
S4	0.007	0.04	0.02	0.15	0.88	2.67
S5	0.008	0.04	0.08	0.13	0.88	1.22
SE (±)	0.010	0.04	0.05	0.16	0.16	0.70
S0=100% soil, S1=100% sludge, S2=80% sludge+20% soil, S3=60% sludge+40% soil, S4=40% sludge+60% soil and S5=20% sludge+80% soil.
^+ Ratio of root and soil metal concentrations.
^++ Ratio of shoot and root metal concentrations.