Carbohydrate content, characterization and localization in bermudagrass stolons during establishment

Figures & data

Table I. Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) cultivar, species and type of establishment commonly used.

Cultivar	Species	Type†
Princess 77	C. dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon	seeded
Riviera	C. dactylon (L.) Pers. var. dactylon	seeded
Patriot	C. dactylon (L.) Pers.×C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy	vegetative
Santa Ana	C. dactylon (L.) Pers.×C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy	vegetative
Tifsport	C. dactylon (L.) Pers.×C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy	vegetative
Tifway	C. dactylon (L.) Pers.×C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy	vegetative
Champion^‡	C. dactylon (L.) Pers.×C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy	vegetative
Miniverde^‡	C. dactylon (L.) Pers.×C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy	vegetative
Tifdwarf^‡	C. dactylon (L.) Pers.×C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy	vegetative
^†In this study all entries were established by transplant of vegetative plugs onto experimental plots.
^‡Putting green cultivar.

Table II. Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) coverage, establishment rate, stolon number, stolon length and stolon growth rate by cultivar.

Cultivar	28 DAP^† coverage	56 DAP coverage	Establishment rate^‡	28 DAP Stolon number	28 DAP total stolon length	Stolon growth rate^§
	cm^2	cm^2	loge (coverage) d^−1	n°	cm	mm d^−1
Tifsport^¶	66	3694	0.140	9.5	208.8	38.2^#
Santa Ana	40	1514	0.125	11.7	104.6	31.7
Riviera	46	2212	0.123	6.3	98.7	37.5
Princess 77	34	718	0.118	5.7	29.1	12.1
Patriot	27	973	0.112	8.3	57.3	28.9
Tifway	18	430	0.090	5.5	32.1	14.1
Champion	13	236	0.084	3.3	17.0	12.5
Tifdwarf	11	132	0.076	1.5	21.0	4.9
Miniverde	5	34	0.047	0.0	0.0	4.9
LSD0.05	12	931	0.023	2.7	67.4	7.2
^†DAP = days after plugging.
^‡Establishment rate was determined by fitting coverage data across time to the model [loge (coverage)=(K×DAP) + loge (1.5)], where K is the rate of increase (establishment rate) and 1.5 cm^2 is the initial plug coverage.
^§Stolon growth rate was determined by dividing the growth (length) from 28 DAP to 56 DAP of each stolon by number of days.
^¶Cultivars are sorted according to the establishment rate.
^#Mean of two stolons (two samples plot^−1 with four replications).

Figure 1.  Plot prediction of coverage against true response. Multiple regression analyses associated bermudagrass coverage with stolon number and stolon total length, with the following model: cov28 = nst + lcum²+(lcum×nst) where cov28 = coverage at 28 DAP (cm²), nst = number of stolons per plant at 28 DAP, and lcum = total stolon length at 28 DAP.

Figure 2.  Concentration of starch in bermudagrass (A) apical, (B) third node, (C) middle and (D) basal stolon node observed 56 DAP for nine cultivars, sorted according to increasing establishment rate. Error bars represent one standard error of the mean (n = 3).

Figure 3.  Concentration of glucose, fructose and sucrose (as hexose equivalent) in bermudagrass (A) apical, (B) third node, (C) middle and (D) basal stolon node observed 56 DAP for nine cultivars, sorted according to increasing establishment rate. Error bars represent one standard error of the mean (n = 3).