Cultivars and cultivation systems for organic strawberry production in Norway

Figures & data

Table 1. Precipitation (mm) and mean temperature (°C) from the time of first flowering to the beginning of harvest (Flowering) and from the beginning of harvest throughout the harvest period (Harvest) of the experiments.

Experiment/site/year	Precipitation		Mean temperature
	Flowering	Harvest	Flowering	Harvest
1/Lindesnes/2008	18.6	149.2	13.4	13.9
1/Lindesnes/2009	74.1	127.7	11.2	16.4
2 and 3/Søgne/2011	217.6	138.4	12.6	16.2
3/Søgne/2012	47.3	101.4	12.9	15.9

Table 2. Phenological records from the first year of harvest (2008) of seven strawberry cultivars in a perennial open field system in experiment 1.

Cultivars	Dates of first		Dates of 50% harvest
	Flower	Harvest
‘Florence’	15 May	16 June	4 July
‘Frida’	12 May	13 June	2 July
‘Gudleif’	9 May	10 June	25 June
‘Honeoye’	8 May	6 June	20 June
‘Iris’	9 May	10 June	28 June
‘Korona’	10 May	6 June	26 June
‘Polka’	9 May	10 June	29 June

Table 3. Dates of 50% harvest of three cultivars in the experiments^a.

Experiment/site/year	Cultivars
	Korona	Polka	Florence
1/Lindesnes/2009	27 June	29 June	6 July
2 and 3/Søgne/2011	6 July	8 July	17 July
3/Søgne/2012	6 July	8 July	14 July

^aData for 2008 included in Table 2.

Table 4. Total and marketable yield (tons/hectare), fruit size (g/fruit) and fruits with grey mould (tons/hectare) of seven strawberry cultivars in open field and in high plastic tunnel in the first cropping season of experiment 1.

Cultivars	Total yield^a		Marketable yield		Fruit size		Grey mould
	Open	Tunnel	Open	Tunnel	Open	Tunnel	Open	Tunnel
‘Iris’	40.7a^b	42.2a	31.4a	29.5a	24.2a	20.7a	3.4a	2.4a
‘Polka’	29.9b	37.2a	25.7a	28.7a	22.1a	22.1a	1.3b	0.9b
‘Frida’	23.3b	25.7b	16.3b	11.3c	11.4b	5.0d	3.9a	2.4a
Gudleif	17.1bc	20.1bc	14.6bc	18.3b	12.4b	16.7b	0.7c	0.3bc
‘Florence’	19.5bc	16.5c	18.2b	14.3bc	16.9b	12.4c	0.8bc	0.5bc
‘Korona’	13.8c	16.6c	11.2c	13.3bc	9.1bc	10.6cd	0.8bc	0.2c
‘Honeoye’	8.0d	12.9d	3.4d	5.1d	5.8c	8.1cd	0.2c	0.1c
p value	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001

^aThe cultivars are sorted from high to low total yield.

^bNumbers followed by different letters are significantly different; Tukey’s test at p ≤ .05 used to separate means.

Table 5. Total and marketable yield (tons/hectare), fruit size (g/fruit) and fruits with grey mould (tons/hectare) of four strawberry cultivars in open field and in high plastic tunnel in the second cropping season of experiment 1.

Cultivars	Total yield^a		Marketable yield		Fruit size		Grey mould
	Open	Tunnel	Open	Tunnel	Open	Tunnel	Open	Tunnel
‘Gudleif’	29.9	26.1	12.6ab^b	13.5a	23.3	15.8	1.5b	5.2ab
‘Florence’	23.5	22.8	13.0a	13.6a	16.9	14.6	3.3a	5.5a
‘Korona’	29.0	20.1	14.1a	14.4a	22.3	13.5	2.0ab	3.6b
‘Polka’	28.4	21.5	11.8b	11.8b	20.7	13.1	2.6a	5.8a
Mean	27.7	22.6	13.1	13.3	20.8	14.3	2.4	5.0
p value	n.s.	n.s.	<.001	<.001	n.s.	n.s.	<.001	<.001

^aThe cultivars are sorted from high to low total yield.

^bNumbers followed by different letters are significantly different; Tukey’s test at p ≤ .05 used to separate means.

Table 6. Total and marketable yield (tons/hectare), fruit size (g/fruit) and fruits with grey mould (tons/hectare) in the first year of harvest of four strawberry cultivars in open field with different mulching in experiment 2.

Cultivation methods^a	Cultivars	Total yield	Marketable yield	Fruit size	Grey mould
Polyethylene	Mean of	11.7b^b	5.8	16.8b	5.0
Mypex	the four	15.0a	7.0	16.4b	6.3
Matted row	cultivars	12.9b	7.0	18.1a	4.4
p value		<.005	n.s.	<.001	n.s.
Mean of the three	‘Polka’	16.0a	8.1a	16.3b	6.5a
cultivating methods	‘Korona’	14.2b	7.2a	16.1b	5.2b
	‘Sonata’	15.0ab	7.1a	19.3a	6.9a
	‘Florence’	7.6c	4.2b	16.9b	2.4c
p value		<.001	<.001	.003	.002

^aThere were no significant interaction of cultivating methods and cultivars.

^bNumbers followed by different letters are significantly different; Tukey’s test at p ≤ .05 used to separate means.

Table 7. Total and marketable yield (tons/hectare), fruit size (g/fruit) and fruits with grey mould (tons/hectare) in the first year of harvest of four strawberry cultivars in a high plastic tunnel with different mulching in experiment 3.

Cultivation methods	Cultivars	Total yield	Marketable yield	Fruit size	Grey mould
Polyethylene	Mean of	19.8b^a	11.2	17.3a	1.5b
Mypex	the four	24.3a	12.2	15.3b	2.6a
Matted row	cultivars	21.5ab	12.0	16.0b	1.3b
p value		<.001	n.s.	.004	<.001
Mean of the three	‘Polka’	26.5a	18.1a	15.1b	2.0ab
cultivating methods	‘Korona’	23.4ab	7.2b	15.7b	1.7b
	‘Sonata’	21.5b	16.3a	18.8a	2.4a
	‘Florence’	16.0c	5.5b	15.2b	0.9c
p value		<.001	<.001	.004	.002

^aNumbers followed by different letters are significantly different; Tukey’s test at p ≤ .05 used to separate means.

Table 8. Total and marketable yield (tons/hectare), fruit size (g/ fruit) and fruits with grey mould (tons/hectare) in the second year of harvest of four strawberry cultivars in a high plastic tunnel with different mulching in experiment 3.

Cultivation methods	Cultivars	Total yield	Marketable yield	Fruit size	Grey mould
Polyethylene	Mean of	28.0a^a	22.0a	14.6	1.7
Mypex	the four	29.4a	19.8b	13.7	3.6
Matted row	cultivars	25.2b	18.4b	13.5	2.6
p value		<.005	<.005	n.s.	n.s.
Mean of the three	‘Polka’	22.9c	15.2c	11.6c	1.6b
cultivating methods	‘Korona’	27.8b	19.8b	14.4b	1.8b
	‘Sonata’	33.7a	27.3a	15.5a	3.0a
	‘Florence’	25.8bc	17.9bc	14.2b	3.9a
p value		<.001	.003	.004	<.001

^aNumbers followed by different letters are significantly different; Tukey’s test at p ≤ .05 used to separate means.