Enhancing of symbiotic efficiency and salinity tolerance of chickpea by phosphorus supply

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical and physical proprieties of the soil before sowing.

Characteristics	Values
Clay (%)	44
Fine silt (%)	22
Coarse silt (%)	19
Coarse sand (%)	7.5
pHH2O	7.5
Electrical conductivity (mmhos.cm^−1)	0.18.5
Organic matter (%)	1.75
Organic carbon (%)	0.98
Ca^2+ (meq. G^−1)	0.13
Na^+ (meq. G^−1)	0.31
Mg ^2+ (meq. G^−1)	0.71
K^+ (ppm)	270
N (%)	0.12
P Olsen (ppm)	34.5

Figure 1. Effect of phosphorus fertilisation and sodium combination (NaCl deficiency with dark bars versus NaCl addition with gray bars) on plant dry weight (A) and nodules dry weight (B) on 60 days old C. arietinum L. cv Flip 84-79C cultivated in the field. Bars represent ± SD of three replicates. Mean comparisons among treatments are the small letters. Means followed by one common letter are not significantly different in the LSD test (p ≤ .05).

Figure 2. Effect of phosphorus fertilisation and sodium combination (control with gray squares; P with phosphorus white squares; NaCl alone with gray triangles; mixture NaCl × P with dark squares) on efficiency of use of the rhizobial symbiosis (EURS) on 60 days old C. arietinum L. cv Flip 84-79 cultivated in the field. The shoot was separated from the root at the cotyledonary node, and then weighed after 48 h at 70°C. Nodules were separated from the roots, counted and weighed separately. The equations inserted in the graphs describe the regression function (y = ax + b) with (x: nodule dry weight and y: shoot dry weight, the slope corresponds to EURS; the R² corresponds to the coefficient of correlation between shoot dry weight and nodule dry weight.

Table 2. Effect of phosphorus fertilisation and sodium combination on sodium (Na⁺⁾ and potassium contents (K⁺) in leaves and roots, 60 days old of C. arietinum L. cv Flip 84-79C. Data are means ± standard deviation of three replicates.

Treatments mM	Na^+ (mg. g^−1dry matter)		K^+ (mg. g^−1dry matter)
	leaves	root	leaves	root
0	20.00 ± 1.50^a	86.60 ± 3.50^d	4.10 ± 0.19^j	72.00 ± 3.55^d
37 P	15.00 ± 1.01^b	133.30 ± 3.21^c	2.10 ± 0.30^j	76.00 ± 2.89^d
55 P	19.16 ± 3.00^a	92.30 ± 0.67^d	3.20 ± 0.66^j	83.00 ± 1.01^d
150 NaCl	18.70 ± 2.08^a	57.60 ± 1.77^e	4.10 ± 1.03^j	51.06 ± 1.59^e
37 P, NaCl	14.00 ± 2.00^b	44.00 ± 1.09^e	4.60 ± 0.04j	22.00 ± 2.24^a
55 P, 150 NaCl	21.33 ± 0.98^a	80.60 ± 4.06^d	3.10 ± 0.69^j	53.50 ± 1.44^e

Note: Mean comparisons among treatments are the small letters. Means followed by one common letter are not significantly different at LSD test p ≤ 0.05.

Table 3. Effect of phosphorus fertilisation and sodium combination on phosphorus content (P) in plant organs and phosphorus use efficiency indexes (PUEI), 60 days old of C. arietinum L. cv Flip 84-79C. Data are means ± standard deviation of three replicates.

Treatments mM	P-Content (mg g^−1dry matter)		PUEI (g^2mg^−1)
	leave	root	plant
0	21.75 ± 0.02^e	15.20 ± 1.42^a	0.32 ± 0.001^a
37 P	32.23 ± 0.04^a	16.30 ± 1.69 ^b	0.43 ± 0.004^b
55 P	20.43 ± 0.02^e	22.14 ± 3.11^c	0.16 ± 0.001^c
150 NaCl	26.16 ± 0.01^c	15.85 ± 1.44^d	0.16 ± 0.001^c
37 P, 150 NaCl	28.22 ± 0.02^b	15.94 ± 3.00^b	0.21 ± 0.002^e
55 P, 150 NaCl	23.25 ± 0.02^d	13.93 ± 5.00^e	0.13 ± 0.001^f

Note: Mean comparisons among treatments are the small letters. In the same column, the means followed by one common letter are not significantly different at LSD test, p ≤ 0.05.