Preliminary investigation of the effect of ethyl 4'fluorooxanilate as a male gametocide of sweet stem sorghum

Figures & data

Figure 1. Illustration of the administration of E4FO on to the plants.

Figure 2. Illustration of the different growth stages of the sweet sorghum head at which the E4FO was applied in Trial 2. A, B, C and D are approximately 0, 3, 6 and 9 days in the head protrusion process. E4FO application time combinations were termed as T1 (A + B + C + D); T2 (B + C + D); T3 (A + B + C); T4 (A + C + D); T5 (B + D) and T6 (Control).

Table 1. Analysis of variance for seed set involving three sweet stem sorghum varieties and six E₄FO concentrations in relation to induced pollen sterility.

Source of variation	d.f.	s.s.	m.s.	v.r.	F pr.
Replication	2	9.21	4.6	0.43
Concentration	5	63353.82	12670.76	1181.08	<.001
Genotype	2	8.63	4.32	0.4	0.672
Concentration*Genotype	10	97.49	9.75	0.91	0.536
Residual	34	364.75	10.73
Total	53	63833.91

df = degrees of freedom, ss = sum of squares, ms = mean square, vr = variance ratio, F pr = F probability.

Table 2. Mean seed set of three sweet stem sorghum genotypes after treatment with E₄FO at six concentrations.

Concentration (g l^−1)	Genotype			Observation
	AS1	AS71	AS72
1	43.33	38.56	36.56	No phytotoxicity symptoms observed
1.5	47.19	48.95	50.72	No phytotoxicity symptoms observed
2	56.79	56.84	54.39	No phytotoxicity symptoms observed
2.5	97.85	98	96.9	Early, premature plant senescence
3	98.7	99.11	99.44	Early, premature plant senescence
Control	0	0	0

Table 3. Analysis of variance for seed set among three sweet stem sorghum genotypes to three E₄FO concentrations at six frequencies in relation to induced pollen sterility.

Source of variation	d.f.	s.s.	m.s.	v.r.	F pr.
Replication	2	4.823	2.411	2.41
Genotype	2	105.687	52.844	52.7	<.001
Concentration	2	4938.493	2469.246	2462.71	<.001
Frequency	5	182343.538	36468.708	36372.1	<.001
Genotype*Concentration	4	303.718	75.929	75.73	<.001
Genotype*Frequency	10	1810.251	181.025	180.55	<.001
Concentration*Frequency	10	5083.764	508.376	507.03	<.001
Genotype*Concentration*Frequency	20	4471.158	223.558	222.97	<.001
Residual	106	106.282	1.003
Total	161	199167.713

df = degrees of freedom, ss = sum of squares, ms = mean square, vr = variance ratio, F pr = F probability.

Table 4. Analysis of variance of seed set among three sweet stem sorghum genotypes to three E₄FO concentrations at six frequencies in relation to female fertility.

Source of variation	d.f.	s.s.	m.s.	v.r.	F pr.
Replication	2	42.063	21.032	3.76
Genotype	2	211.644	105.822	18.92	<.001
Concentration	2	619.633	309.817	55.38	<.001
Frequency	5	51591.872	10318.374	1844.51	<.001
Genotype*Concentration	4	534.05	133.512	23.87	<.001
Genotype*Frequency	10	966.138	96.614	17.27	<.001
Concentration*Frequency	10	1987.541	198.754	35.53	<.001
Genotype*Concentration*Frequency	20	2116.044	105.802	18.91	<.001
Residual	106	592.973	5.594
Total	161	58661.958

df = degrees of freedom, ss = sum of squares, ms = mean square, vr = variance ratio, F pr = F probability.

Table 5. Male sterility and female fertility as measured by seed set in three sweet stem sorghum genotypes after treatments with three E₄FO concentrations at six frequencies.

Genotype	Concentration (g l^−1)	Frequency of application
		Male sterility						Female fertility
		T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6
AS17	1	91.9	87.1	88.4	86.1	48.8	0	49.7	74.5	78.2	85.4	99.2	100
	1.5	95.5	92.6	94.3	94.8	90.5	0	48.6	63.8	88.4	78.6	95.4	100
	2	98.8	98.6	98.7	98.5	98.8	0	43.4	58.6	72.8	68.5	94.7	100
AS71	1	87.8	85	86.6	86.8	62.1	0	56.5	73.2	60.7	85.1	96.4	100
	1.5	96.2	58.5	94	94.2	94.6	0	47.6	54.7	63.6	66.2	96.8	100
	2	99.1	98.6	98.8	97.2	98.8	0	45.5	54.1	71.6	84.6	95.3	100
AS88	1	90.2	85.3	87.4	62.3	78.6	0	54.8	76.8	65.4	73.9	99.5	100
	1.5	97.8	93.4	76.5	92.1	94.9	0	50.7	60.3	63	87.1	98.8	100
	2	99.2	75.3	98.9	98.6	98.4	0	44.5	58.6	86.2	72.1	97.6	100

E4FO application time combinations are termed as T1 (A + B + C + D); T2 (B + C + D); T3 (A + B + C); T4 (A + C + D); T5 (B + D) and T6 (Control). A, B, C and D are approximately days 0, 3, 6 and 9 in the head protrusion process.