Breeding for bean fly resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): a review

Figures & data

Figure 1. A bean fly insect on a bean plant at Chitedze Research farm in Malawi.

Table 1. Countries where bean fly has been reported.

Country	Reference
Australia	Morgan (1938)
Botswana	Greathead (1969)
Burundi	Autrique (1989)
China	Wang and Gai (2001)
Egypt	Abul-Nasr and Assem (1968)
Ethiopia	Abate et al. (1995)
India	Agarwal and Pandey (1961)
Indonesia	Talekar and Chen (1985)
Japan	Yasuda (1979)
Kenya	Kiptoo et al. (2016) and Ojwang et al. (2010)
Malawi	Letourneau (1994) and Kapeya et al. (2005)
Mozambique	Davies (1998)
South Korea	Kwon et al. (1980)
Taiwan	Talekar and Shyan Chen (1983)
Tanzania	Greathead (1969)
Thailand	Van der Goot (1930)
Uganda	Ssekandi et al. (2016)
Vietnam	Talekar and Chen (1985)
Zambia	Karel (1985)
Zimbabwe	Karel (1985)

Table 2. Reported yield loss due to bean fly infestation in legumes.

Crop	Yield loss (%)	Country	Reference
Common bean	60–80	Mozambique	Davies (1998)
	10–100	Malawi	Kapeya et al. (2005)
	30–100	Kenya	Ojwang et al. (2010)
	33–100	Tanzania	Karel (1985)
	8–37	Ethiopia	Abate (1990b)
Soybean	35	Taiwan	Talekar (1989)

Table 3. Summary of some bean genotypes identfied as sources of resistance to bean fly in legumes.

Cultivar/line	Legume species	References
G5733, G2072	Phaseolus vulgaris L.	Abate (1990a) and Abate et al. (1995)
ZPV292, G5773, A55, G2005	Phaseolus vulgaris L.	Mushi and Slumpa (1996)
G35023, G35075	Phaseolus coccineous L.	Kornegay and Cardona (1991)
A429, TMO	Phaseolus vulgaris L.	Abate et al. (1995)
Mlama 49, Mlama 127, G22501	Phaseolus vulgaris L.	Hillocks et al. (2006)
GBK 047810, GBK 047866 GBK 047821, GBK 036488	Phaseolus vulgaris L.	Ojwang et al. (2010)
G21212,CIM 9314-36, Ikinimba	Phaseolus vulgaris L.	Mushi and Slumpa (1996)
G2472,EMP81, G3844, BAT 16	Phaseolus vulgaris L.	Mushi and Slumpa (1996) and Ojwang et al. (2010)
KK 8, Tasha, Chelalang	Phaseolus vulgaris L.	Kiptoo et al. (2016)

Table 4. Severity score for bean fly infestation at flowering stage on plot basis.

Rating	Category	Symptoms
1	Resistant	Infested plants are vigorous as uninfested plants.
		The bean fly apparently causes no considerable damage.
3		Infested plants with slight growth delay.
5	Moderately resistant	Infested with considerable growth delay.
7	Susceptible	Infested plants with severe growth delay.
9		Infested plants dead or almost dead.

Source with modification; Kornegay and Cardona (1991).

Table 5. Damage score for 10 individual plants per plot (Including shoot, stem and roots).

Rating	Category	Symptoms
1	Resistant	No damage; Stems, roots and shoots of infested plants look as the ones of uninfested ones, i.e. no cracks (stems and roots).
3		Infested plant stems, roots and shoots slightly damaged, i.e. some few cracks (stem and roots).
5	Moderately resistant	Infested plant stems, roots and shoots with considerable cracks, i.e. moderately damaged causing considerable growth delay.
7	Susceptible	Stems of infested plants with huge cracks causing stunted growth.
9		Stems with very severe cracks and destroyed root system leading to plant death.

Source with modification; Kornegay and Cardona (1991).

Table 6. Summary of reported gene action conditioning resistance to bean fly.

Crop	Gene action	References
Common bean	Additive	Mushi and Slumpa (1996) and Ojwang et al. (2011b)
	Dominance	Mushi and Slumpa (1996) and Ojwang et al. (2011b)
	Epistasis	Ojwang et al. (2011b)
Mung bean	Additive	(Distabanjong and Srinives (1985))
	Dominance	Distabanjong and Srinives (1985)
	Epitasis	Distabanjong and Srinives (1985)
Soybean	Additive	Wang and Gai (2001)
	Dominance	Wei et al. (1989) and Wang and Gai (2001)
	Epistasis	Wang and Gai (2001)

Table 7. Summary of some recommended selection methods for bean fly resistance improvement.

Selection methods	Reference
Pedigree	Singh and Schwartz (2010a) and Ojwang’ et al. (2011b)
Single seed descent	Mushi and Slumpa (1996)
Recurrent selection	Distabanjong and Srinives (1985), Singh and Schwartz (2010a)
Backcrossing	Distabanjong and Srinives (1985), Wang and Gai (2001) and (Singh and Schwartz, 2010a)

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