Immune-modulating activities of polysaccharides extracted from brown algae Hizikia fusiforme

Figures & data

Fig. 1. Immuno-modulating effects of HFP on the murine macrophage Raw 264.7 cells and splenocyte.

Notes: (A) NO production effect of HFP and HFW on Raw 264.7 cells, (B) iNOS expression on the Raw 264.7 cells, (C) Proliferation effect of HFP on splenocyte, (D) Production of TNF on the splenocyte. Values are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 5). *^,#p < 0.05 and **^,##p < 0.01 significantly different when compared with value of LPS (2 μg/ml) and Con A (^#, 1 μg/ml) treated group.

Table 1. Production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF on murine macrophage Raw 264.7 cells by polysaccharide extracted from H. fusiforme.

Experimental groups	Cytokines (pg/ml)
	IL-1β	IL-6	TNF
Vehicle control	–	–	–
LPS	29.69 ± 0.83	200.27 ± 2.36	327.83 ± 7.07
HFP 0.1	4.65 ± 2.04	21.11 ± 1.53**	108.11 ± 19.25
HFP 0.5	12.29 ± 2.08*	118.13 ± 1.52*	165.89 ± 4.32*
HFP 1.0	18.18 ± 0.42*	155.57 ± 6.31*	925.06 ± 44.78*
HFP 0.1 + LPS	15.76 ± 4.58	307.60 ± 11.36*	232.56 ± 8.25**
HFP 0.5 + LPS	46.71 ± 0.83*	328.01 ± 6.03*	589.22 ± 9.04**
HFP 1.0 + LPS	65.82 ± 4.58*	334.20 ± 13.97	1529.22 ± 12.96**

Notes: Values are expressed as mean ± SE (n = 5).

* p < 0.05 and

** p < 0.01 significantly different when compared with value of LPS (2 μg/ml).

Table 2. General chemical composition of HFP and HFW.

Mono-sugars	Components
	HFP	HFW
Total sugar (%)	67.25	14.35
Total protein (%)	12.55	23.36
Unknown (%)	20.20	62.29
	Molar ratio^a
Mannose	0.11	0.06
Glucosamine	0.06	0.08
Rhamnose	0.05	0.02
Glucose	0.21	0.31
Galactose	0.50	0.55
Xylose	0.24	0.15
Fucose	1.00	1.00

^a Molar ratio was calculated on the basis of total sugar and moral mass.