A mechanism for nano-titanium dioxide-induced cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells under UVA irradiation

Figures & data

Fig. 1. Effects of MPT pore in nano-TiO₂-induced cell viability and ROS formation of HaCaT cells.

Notes: Effects of MPT pore in nano-TiO₂ induced-(B) cell viability and (C) ROS formation of HaCaT cells. Cells were treated with 200 μg/mL nano-TiO₂ only, or pretreated with CsA (10.0 μM) for 30 min, followed by treatment with 200 μg/mL nano-TiO₂. Control was received culture medium only. All samples were irradiated with the UVA light for 1 h and then cultured for 24 h. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of at least four different experiments (**p < 0.01 represents the comparison with the control group; ^##p < 0.01 represents the comparison with the nano-TiO₂ group).

Fig. 2. Effects of MPT pore on MMP decrease and ATP depletion of HaCaT cells.

Notes: Effects of MPT pore on (A) MMP decrease and (B) ATP depletion of HaCaT cells. Cells were treated with 200 μg/mL nano-TiO₂ only, or pretreated with CSA (10 μM) for 30 min, followed by treatment with 200 μg/mL nano-TiO₂. Control was received culture medium only. All samples were irradiated with the UVA light for 1 h and then cultured for 24 h. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. of at least four different experiments (**p < 0.01 represents the comparison with the control group; ^##p < 0.01 represents the comparison with the nano-TiO₂ group).

Fig. 3. Effects of MPT pore in nano-TiO₂-induced Caspase-3 activation and cell apoptosis of HaCaT cells.

Notes: Effects of MPT pore in nano-TiO₂-induced (A) Caspase-3 activation and (B) cell apoptosis of HaCaT cells. Cells were treated with 200 μg/mL nano-TiO₂ only, or pretreated with CsA (10.0 μM) for 30 min, followed by treatment with 200 μg/mL nano-TiO₂. Control was received culture medium only. All samples were irradiated with the UVA light for 1 h and then cultured for 24 h. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of at least four different experiments (**p < 0.01 represents the comparison with the control group; ^##p < 0.01 represents the comparison with the nano-TiO₂ group).

Fig. 4. Effects of MPT pore in nano-TiO₂-induced K6 mRNA expression.

Notes: Effects of MPT pore in nano-TiO₂-induced K6 mRNA expression. Cells were treated with 200 μg/mL nano-TiO₂ only, or pretreated with CsA (10.0 μM) for 30 min, followed by treatment with 200 μg/mL nano-TiO₂. Control was received culture medium only. All samples were irradiated with the UVA light for 1 h and then cultured for 24 h. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM of at least four different experiments (*p < 0.05 represents the comparison with the control group; ^#p < 0.05 represents the comparison with the nano-TiO₂ group).