Cell biology of the Koji mold Aspergillus oryzae

Figures & data

Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the A. oryzae genome.⁴⁾

Fig. 2. Visualization of organelles in A. oryzae by expression of EGFP fusion proteins. (A) Endoplasmic reticulum,⁷⁾ (B) Golgi apparatus,⁷⁾ (C) mitochondria,⁹⁾ (D) vacuoles,¹⁰⁾ (E), peroxisomes,¹¹⁾ and (F), nuclei.

Notes: A. oryzae transformants expressing EGFP fusion proteins with AoUse1 (A), AoSft1 (B), AoCit1 (C), CpyA (D), PTS1 (E), and AoNsp1 (F) were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Scale bars, 5 μm.

Fig. 3. Schematic model of Aspergillus oryzae organelles.

Fig. 4. Localization of α-amylase fused with EGFP in liquid and agar cultures.¹⁶⁾.

Notes: A. oryzae transformants expressing AmyB–EGFP were observed by fluorescence microscopy. Arrow heads indicate septa. Scale bar, 5 μm.

Fig. 5. Proposed model for the endocytic recycling in apical tip supporting high protein secretion of A. oryzae.²²⁾

Fig. 6. Pleiomorphic vacuoles in A. oryzae.²³⁾

Notes: A. oryzae transformants expressing EGFP-AoVam3 were observed by confocal microscopy. Vacuoles changed in size, shape, and position under various growth phases are observed.

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram for the putative flow of nutrients recycled by autophagy during conidiation and germination.²⁷⁾

Notes: (A) Conidiophore in A. oryzae. Nutrients recycled by autophagy are transported through tubular vacuoles and stored in conidia. Autophagy also contributes to the differentiation of conidiophore vesicles, phialides, and conidia. (B) Conidial germination in A. oryzae. Spherical vacuoles are colored grey, and nutrients are indicated by black dots. Spherical vacuoles appear when conidia swell. Subsequently, vacuoles are developed for/by autophagy and to aid the physical extrusion of cytoplasm at the tips of germ tubes. Vacuoles at which autophagy occurs are indicated by bold circle.

Fig. 8. Dual fluorescent images of an A. oryzae strain expressing DsRed2–AoHex1 and RNase T1–EGFP fusion proteins.¹⁵⁾

Notes: (A) Three-dimensional images of septal plugging by the Woronin body. Red fluorescence of DsRed2–AoHex1 at the septal pore adjacent to a lysed apical compartment upon hypotonic shock is indicated by yellow arrows. Confocal images of unlysed (left) and lysed (right) septa. The red fluorescent spot of DsRed2–AoHex1 at the septal pore adjacent to the lysed apical compartment upon hypotonic shock is indicated by white arrows. (B) Transmission electron microscopic observation of the A. oryzae wild-type strain. Woronin bodies are indicated by arrows.

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