An ethanol extract of Ramulus mori improves blood circulation by inhibiting platelet aggregation

Figures & data

Table 1. Effects of ERM on LDH release by platelets.

ERM (mg/mL)	0	0.5	1.25	2.5
LDH release (%)	9.9 ± 2.4	6.5 ± 4.8	12.9 ± 3.5	9.9 ± 3.5

Notes: Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in triplicate.

Fig. 1. In vivo antithrombotic effect of ERM.

Notes: The time for vessel occlusion to occur is reported. The significance of the differences between the vehicle group (ERM = 0) and the treated groups was calculated using Dunnett’s t-test (^*p < 0.05 and ^**p < 0.01, n = 6).

Fig. 2. Ex vivo antiplatelet effect of ERM.

Notes: Platelet aggregation was induced by ADP (10 μM) (A) and collagen (10 μg/mL) (B), and the platelet aggregation rates are reported. The significance of the differences between the vehicle group (ERM = 0) and the treated groups was calculated using Dunnett’s t-test (^**p < 0.01, n = 6).

Fig. 3. Ex vivo anticoagulation effect of ERM.

Notes: PTs (A) and aPTTs (B) were measured. The significance of the differences between the vehicle group (ERM = 0) and the treated groups was calculated using Dunnett’s t-test (^*p < 0.05, n = 6).

Fig. 4. Effects of ERM on mouse tail bleeding times.

Notes: Vehicle, ERM, or aspirin (50 mg/kg) was orally administered to mice 2 h before the experiments were conducted. The data represent the mean values ± SD (^***p < 0.001, n = 6).