Natural products discovery from micro-organisms in the post-genome era^†

† This work is a translation of an original work in Japanese in the Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry http://doi.10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.54.17

Figures & data

Table 1. Genome analysis of Streptomyces and related micro-organisms.

Bacterial strain and plasmid	Size (bp)	No. of CDS^*	GC (mol%)
Streptomyces sp. PAMC2650	7,526,197	6969	71.07
pSP01	104,048	104	68.52
Streptomyces sp. SirexAA-E	7,414,440	6357	71.75
Streptomyces albus J1074	6,841,649	5832	73.32
Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680	9,025,608	7580	70.72
SAP1	94,287	96	69.25
SAP2	250,435	255	67.51
Streptomyces bingchenggensis BCW-1	11,936,683	10,022	70.75
Streptomyces cattleya NRRL 8057	6,282,967	5822	72.94
pSCATT	1,812,548	1747	73.27
Streptomyces cattleya DSM 46488	6,283,062	5763	72.94
pSCAT	1,809,491	1707	73.27
Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)	8,667,507	7767	72.12
SCP1	356,023	351	69.06
SCP2	31,317	34	72.12
Streptomyces collinus Tü 365	8,272,925	7005	72.6
pSC01	85,047	78	68.29
pSC02	19,314	30	69.88
Streptomyces davawensis JCM 4913	9,466,619	8503	70.58
pSDA1	89,331	113	69.89
Streptomyces flavogriseus ATCC 33331	7,337,497	6298	71.14
pSFLA01	188,552	166	67.79
pSFLA02	130,055	108	67.24
Streptomyces fulvissimus DSM 40593	7,905,758	6925	71.48
Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350	8,545,929	7136	72.23
Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. jinggangensis 5008	10,145,833	8849	71.89
pSHJG1	164,566	183	69
pSHJG2	73,285	75	70.94
Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. jinggangensis TL01	9,840,102	8619	72.04
pSHJGH1	164,565	183	69
pSHJGH2	73,285	75	70.94
Streptomyces rapamycinicus NRRL 5491	12,700,734	10,002	69.33
Streptomyces scabiei 87.22	10,148,695	8746	71.45
Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 10712	8,226,158	7448	72.4
Streptomyces violaceusniger Tü 4113	10,657,107	8482	70.97
pSTRVI01	290,055	257	68.24
pSTRVI02	191,151	246	69.7
Saccharopolyspora erythraea NRRL 2338	8,212,805	7197	71.15
Amycolatopsis orientalis HCCB10007	8,948,591	8113	69.01
pXL100	33499	49	68.9

* CDS; coding sequence

Fig. 1. Number of papers published per year on natural product isolation, taken from a literature search (SciFinder) for “Natural Product” between 1975 and 2014.

Note: kindly informed from Prof. T. Eguchi of Tokyo Institute for Technology.

Fig. 2. Comparative analysis of chromosome structures in the genus Streptomyces and distribution of secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes (cluster).

Note:

polyketides,

nonribosomal peptides,

terpenes,

other compounds (siderophore, aminoglycoside, etc.), ▲origin of replication (oriC), ribosome operon (rrn),

conserved region.

Fig. 3. Physical map of avermectin biosynthesis gene clusters: regulatory genes (orange), polyketide synthase genes (red), polyketide modification enzyme genes (blue), and glycosidation and sugar biosynthesis genes (green).

Fig. 4. Heterologous expression of gene clusters for secondary metabolite biosynthesis in an engineered S. avermitilis strain.

Fig. 5. Novel terpenes obtained from heterologous expression of silent terpene synthase genes.