Low-carbohydrate high-protein diet diminishes the insulin response to glucose load via suppression of SGLT-1 in mice

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition of experimental diets.

Ingredients	(g/kg diet)
	CON	LCHP
Cornstarch	393.5	37.3
Casein	205.3	738.4
Alpha-cornstarch	130.4	12.3
Sucrose	86.8	33.2
Soybean oil	83.5	78.4
Cellulose powder	50	50
Miniral mix(AIN-93G)	35	35
Vitamin mix (AIN-93G)	10	10
L-Cystine	3	3
Choline bitartrate	2.5	2.5
tert-Butyl hydroquinone	0.014	0.014

CON, control; LCHP, low-carbohydrate high-protein

Table 2. Body weight, food intake and organ weight in mice.

	CON	LCHP
Body weight (g)	22.2 ± 0.26	21.3 ± 0.36
Food intake (g/2 weeks)	44.1 ± 1.09	47.7 ± 3.83
Gastrocnemius (g/100 g BW)	0.57 ± 0.01	0.54 ± 0.01***
Liver (g/100 g BW)	4.15 ± 0.09	5.06 ± 0.09***
Kidney (g/100 g BW)	0.69 ± 0.01	0.84 ± 0.02***
Epididymal fat (g/100 g BW)	1.74 ± 0.2	0.62 ± 0.07***
Pancreas (g/100 g BW)	0.73 ± 0.02	0.86 ± 0.05***

CON, control diet group; LCHP, low carbohydrate high protein diet group; BW, body weight; Values are means± SEM. ***p < 0.001 compared to the CON.

Figure 1. Effects of low-carbohydrate high-protein (LCHP) diet on plasma glucose (a) and insulin (c) levels in mice.

The area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated in accordance with the trapezoidal rule (b, d). Values are means ± SEM, n = 7–8. *p < 0.05 compared to the control (CON) group.

Figure 2. Effects of low-carbohydrate high-protein (LCHP) diet on blood glucose levels (a) in response to insulin administration in mice, and on the GLUT-4 protein concentration (c) and glycogen concentration (d) in the gastrocnemius muscle.

Values are means ± SEM, n = 7–8. A.U., arbitrary unit.

Figure 3. Effects of low-carbohydrate high-protein (LCHP) diet on SGLT-1 (a) and GLUT-2 (b) protein contents in the jejunum of mice.

Values are means ± SEM, n = 7–8. *p < 0.05 compared to the control (CON) group. A.U., arbitrary unit.

Figure 4. Effects of low-carbohydrate high-protein (LCHP) diet on insulin content (a), representative blots of GLUT-2 and COX5 (b), GLUT-2 (c), and COX5 (d) protein contents in the pancreas of mice.

Values are means ± SEM, n = 7–8. A.U., arbitrary unit.