Divergence of tipper vector imaging for ground–airborne frequency-domain electromagnetic method with orthogonal sources

Abstract

The ground–airborne frequency–domain electromagnetic (GAFDEM) method is a recently developed rapid detection approach for underground structures. However, the conventional apparent resistivity imaging in this method cannot meet the requirements of high precision and high efficiency detection for 3D targets. Therefore, we introduce the divergence of tipper vector (DTV) imaging to solve this problem with two orthogonal sources. First, we define DTV for the GAFDEM method, and then, we analyze the characteristics, advantages, and detection principles of DTV imaging using 3D models. Incorporating DTV imaging into the GAFDEM method allows us to directly distinguish the resistivity properties, position, and direction of an anomalous body more clearly and in less computing time, relative to apparent resistivity imaging. Thus, DTV imaging provides a fast detection method with high detection precision for a 3D anomalous body. This may effectively promote the development and application of the GAFDEM method and systems.

Keywords:

• Divergence of tipper vector
• imaging
• GAFDEM
• 3D target
• anomalous body
• orthogonal sources

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

ORCID

Haigen Zhou http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0537-3706

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 41904159, 41827803]; Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province [grant number 20170101085JC].

Notes on contributors

Changsheng Liu

Changsheng Liu was born in Hubei, China, in 1979. He received his B.S. degree from Central South University, Changsha, China, in 2003, and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Jilin University, Changchun, China, in 2005 and 2009, respectively. He is currently a Professor and PhD Supervisor in Jilin University. His research interests include electromagnetic detection technology, instruments, and their applications.

Ming Zhang

Ming Zhang was born in Changchun, China, in 1989. She received her B.S and M.S degrees from Jilin University, China in 2011 and 2014, respectively, and is now pursuing her PhD degree in Measurement and Control Technology and Instruments at the Department of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, China and Geophysics at that Department of Earth Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada. Her research interests include forward modeling and the inversion of electromagnetic data for geophysical prospecting.

Jinfa Ma

Jinfa Ma was born in Jilin, China, in 1986. He is a graduate student of Jilin University, Changchun, China. He received his bachelor’s degree from Harbin University of Science and Technology in 2009. His major research interests include ground-airborne electromagnetic detection instruments.

Haigen Zhou

Haigen Zhou was born in Henan, China, in 1990. He received his B.S. degree in electrical engineering and automation and his Ph.D. degree in measurement technology and instruments from Jilin University, Changchun, China, in 2012 and 2017, respectively. He is currently undertaking postdoctoral research at Jilin University, Changchun, China. His research interests include ground-airborne frequency-domain electromagnetic instruments and their applications.

Jie Liang

Jie Liang was born in Henan, China, in 1994. She received her B.S. degree from Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, in 2015, and received her M.S. degree from Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China, in 2018. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. degree in measurement technology and instruments at the Department of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University. Her research interests include imaging methods for use in GAFEM surveys.

Jun Lin

Jun Lin was born in Jilin, China, in 1954. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in applied geophysics from Changchun College of Geosciences, Changchun, China, in 1982 and 1987, respectively. Since 2005, he has been with the College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering Department, Jilin University, Changchun, China, as Chairman. In 1989, he was a Visiting Scholar at the University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K. In 1996, he was a Senior Scholar with the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. Currently, he is a Professor with Jilin University. He has finished 13 national projects and received two key national invention awards as the Chief Director. He has authored 10 books, more than 300 papers, and 50 patents. His research interests include seismic instruments, nuclear magnetic resonance instruments, and time- and frequency-domain electromagnetic instrument developments, as well as the geophysical modeling process.