Optimization of the SIW cavity-backed slots antenna for X-band applications using the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm

Abstract

Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology has recently drawn attention to its microwave benefits, such as integration into planar microwave circuits, low manufacturing cost and high-quality factor compared to other voluminous technologies. In this paper, a cavity-backed slot antenna structure has been designed and optimised by the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and manufactured for X-band applications. Indeed, the starting cavity-backed slot antenna has three pairs of resonators placed on the lower wall of the cavity, and the PSO algorithm seeks the optimal antenna by automating HFSS using MATLAB script. Two antennas have been chosen from the last PSO generation. The selected antennas operate respectively on the bands [9.17 GHz. 10.63 GHz] and [9.09 GHz, 10.6 GHz] with a bandwidth of 15%, and can achieve a maximum gain of 8.8 dBi. The total size of the proposed design is $0.46{\lambda }_0\times 1.95{\lambda }_0$. The gain, reflection coefficient and radiation partners are measured and compared to the EM simulation results and a very good agreement is obtained.

KEYWORDS:

• Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
• substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)
• cavity-backed slot antenna
• broadband antenna
• cost function

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).