Trachoma in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Results of 46 Baseline Prevalence Surveys Conducted with the Global Trachoma Mapping Project

Figures & data

Figure 1. Prevalence of trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) in countries bordering Democratic Republic of the Congo, based on Global Trachoma Atlas data in 2013.

Figure 2. Location of provinces and health zones surveyed and prevalence of (a) trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) in children aged 1–9 years, and (b) trichiasis in adults aged ≥15 years, Global Trachoma Mapping Project, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2014–2016.

Table 1. Characteristics of survey population by Health Zone, Global Trachoma Mapping Project, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2014–2016.

			Children aged 1–9 years		Adults aged ≥15 years
Province	Health Zone	Number of households sampled	Number examined	Proportion male (%)	Number examined	Proportion male (%)
Nord-Ubangi	Bili	631	1425	50.2	1367	45.9
Nord-Ubangi	Bosobolo	647	1663	49.4	1335	47.9
Nord-Ubangi	Karawa	759	2048	54.5	1345	47.1
Nord-Ubangi	Mobayi	768	2134	51.6	1606	48.2
Nord-Ubangi	Yakoma	753	2137	49.8	859	37.8
Sud-Ubangi	Libenge	747	1943	51.5	1016	47.1
Sud-Ubangi	Zongo	737	1942	51.1	1493	45.9
Bas-Uele	Bili	711	1573	49.8	1284	43.2
Bas-Uele	Bondo	648	1624	53.3	1401	42.6
Bas-Uele	Monga	735	1820	52.1	1168	50.4
Haut-Uele	Pawa	671	1702	50.7	1499	44.2
Ituri	Angumu	625	1579	49.6	868	32.4
Ituri	Drodro	693	1594	52.6	776	39.7
Ituri	Nyarambe	607	1465	51.9	829	32.1
Ituri	Aungba	756	1604	50.8	1267	37.8
Ituri	Bambu	676	1636	48.0	1202	37.3
Ituri	Fataki	701	1623	50.5	1293	35.8
Ituri	Ghety	689	2016	52.0	1452	31.7
Ituri	Jiba	701	1522	49.4	1315	36.5
Ituri	Lita	675	1698	48.6	1148	34.3
Ituri	Mahagi	719	1658	51.9	1300	38.8
Ituri	Mambasa	680	1624	52.7	1149	39.4
Ituri	Rethy	693	1653	51.4	1361	34.3
Nord Kivu	Binza	747	2082	51.4	1229	47.5
Nord-Kivu	Birambizo	766	2153	50.4	1363	44.2
Nord-Kivu	Katoyi	785	1994	47.7	1318	43.8
Nord-Kivu	Kayna	754	2160	49.3	1495	42.1
Nord-Kivu	Kibirizi	748	1983	48.4	1358	42.2
Nord-Kivu	Kibua	754	2021	48.0	1467	47.3
Nord-Kivu	Masisi	741	1848	49.6	1358	51.3
Nord-Kivu	Walikale	749	2140	48.9	1536	45.1
Sud-Kivu	Bunyakiri	739	2005	49.9	1180	36.5
Sud-Kivu	Kadutu	751	1965	46.3	1351	40.9
Sud-Kivu	Kalehe	749	1928	51.1	1361	42.9
Sud-Kivu	Kalole	756	2010	47.0	1569	50.0
Sud-Kivu	Kitutu	750	1934	44.3	1428	44.8
Sud-Kivu	Minova	758	2081	48.0	1434	39.3
Sud-Kivu	Mwana	720	1772	48.6	1387	44.8
Sud-Kivu	Mwenga	756	1937	44.6	1531	45.3
Sud-Kivu	Nyantende	741	1743	47.1	1467	47.3
Haut-Katanga	Kilwa	731	1674	51.0	1233	47.2
Haut-Katanga	Kipushi	705	1789	49.2	928	33.9
Haut-Katanga	Kasenga	631	1796	49.1	1081	30.7
Haut-Katanga	Pweto	609	1355	47.2	1084	40.6
Haut-Katanga	Sakania	669	1588	49.4	1003	25.5
Tanganika	Moba	627	1606	48.6	1112	36.0

Table 2. Prevalence of trachoma by Health Zone, Global Trachoma Mapping Project, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2014–2016.

Province	Health Zone	Prevalence of TF % in children aged 1–9 years (95% CI)^a	Prevalence of trichiasis % in adults aged ≥15 years (95% CI)^b
Nord-Ubangi	Bili	15.2 (10.6–20.2)	1.55 (0.69–2.75)
Nord-Ubangi	Bosobolo	10.0 (8.1–12.3)	1.52 (1.07–2.10)
Nord-Ubangi	Karawa	11.4 (9.0–13.4)	0.21 (0.05–0.45)
Nord-Ubangi	Mobayi	17.6 (12.5–23.4)	0.45 (0.16–0.88)
Nord-Ubangi	Yakoma	8.3 (6.6–10.1)	2.55 (1.12–4.67)
Sud-Ubangi	Libenge	14.5 (10.8–19.1)	1.66 (0.39–3.52)
Sud-Ubangi	Zongo	10.2 (7.2–14.5)	0.76 (0.20–1.66)
Bas-Uele	Bili	12.7 (10.4–14.7)	1.05 (0.64–1.54)
Bas-Uele	Monga	3.5 (2.1–5.0)	0.99 (0.28–1.95)
Bas-Uele	Bondo	4.7 (2.6–7.2)	2.04 (1.01–3.05)
Haut-Uele	Pawa	7.4 (5.6–9.2)	4.00 (2.39–5.74)
Ituri	Angumu	9.5 (7.9–11.1)	5.09 (3.28–6.76)
Ituri	Drodro	6.0 (3.9–8.7)	1.16 (0.70–1.76)
Ituri	Nyarambe	8.8 (6.1–11.8)	2.47 (1.28–4.00)
Ituri	Aungba	8.5 (6.5–10.9)	0.18 (0.05–0.35)
Ituri	Bambu	19.3 (15.6–23.7)	3.86 (2.64–5.46)
Ituri	Fataki	3.5 (2.1–5.3)	0.59 (0.13–1.46)
Ituri	Ghety	18.6 (16.5–20.9)	2.76 (1.94–3.50)
Ituri	Jiba	7.5 (5.0–10.3)	0.77 (0.38–1.21)
Ituri	Lita	19.4 (16.7–23.3)	2.87 (1.83–4.25)
Ituri	Mahagi	5.8 (3.3–8.3)	0.08 (0.00–0.19)
Ituri	Mambasa	10.2 (8.0–11.7)	1.46 (0.86–2.01)
Ituri	Rethy	3.9 (2.3–6.1)	0.22 (0.06–0.45)
Nord-Kivu	Binza	11.1 (9.2–13.6)	1.00 (0.61–1.53)
Nord-Kivu	Birambizo	6.6 (4.9–8.3)	0.42 (0.20–0.70)
Nord-Kivu	Katoyi	17.6 (15.6–20.4)	1.08 (0.70–1.49)
Nord-Kivu	Kayna	1.9 (0.9–3.2)	0.16 (0.04–0.34)
Nord-Kivu	Kibirizi	3.0 (1.6–5.0)	0.15 (0.00–0.37)
Nord-Kivu	Kibua	2.0 (1.2–3.1)	0.08 (0.00–0.18)
Nord-Kivu	Masisi	4.8 (2.5–8.2)	0.13 (0.03–0.30)
Nord-Kivu	Walikale	2.1 (1.2–3.1)	0.02 (0.00–0.05)
Sud-Kivu	Bunyakiri	6.6 (4.1–9.0)	0.48 (0.23–0.69)
Sud-Kivu	Kadutu	4.5 (3.3–5.9)	0.23 (0.04–0.49)
Sud-Kivu	Kalehe	11.7 (8.3–16.5)	0.95 (0.62–1.32)
Sud-Kivu	Kalole	2.0 (0.6–3.6)	0.13 (0.03–0.26)
Sud-Kivu	Kitutu	3.0 (1.8–4.7)	0.65 (0.26–1.28)
Sud-Kivu	Minova	15.2 (10.6–21.1)	1.10 (0.54–1.81)
Sud-Kivu	Mwana	3.3 (1.5–5.7)	1.31 (0.73–2.12)
Sud-Kivu	Mwenga	2.1 (1.2–3.2)	1.70 (0.62–3.60)
Sud-Kivu	Nyantende	2.2 (1.2–3.2)	0.11 (0.00–0.29)
Haut-Katanga	Kilwa	13.7 (9.6–17.3)	0.65 (0.33–1.05)
Haut-Katanga	Kipushi	16.9 (8.0–25.5)	0.90 (0.07–2.00)
Haut-Katanga	Kasenga	9.2 (7.4–11.3)	0.47 (0.22–0.72)
Haut-Katanga	Pweto	41.6 (32.4–50.6)	2.85 (1.92–4.08)
Haut-Katanga	Sakania	2.5 (1.2–4.4)	0.20 (0.01–0.53)
Tanganika	Moba	15.3 (12.6–18.6)	3.33 (1.93–5.05)

^aAdjusted for age, in 1-year bands.

^bAdjusted for gender and age, in 5-year bands.

CI, confidence interval.

Table 3. Proportion of households with key water, sanitation and hygiene indicators, by Health Zone, Global Trachoma Mapping Project, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2014–2016.

Province	Health Zone	Proportion of households (%)
		Using improved drinking water source	With drinking water source in yard/within 1 km	With improved sanitation facilities
Nord-Ubangi	Bili	4.9	73.7	3.0
Nord-Ubangi	Bosobolo	8.5	57.5	0.9
Nord-Ubangi	Karawa	28.5	58.6	0.00
Nord-Ubangi	Mobayi	26.7	62.0	0.1
Nord-Ubangi	Yakoma	8.1	73.0	9.0
Sud-Ubangi	Libenge	41.4	71.6	11.2
Sud-Ubangi	Zongo	24.3	46.8	0.5
Bas-Uele	Bili	3.0	52.9	0.1
Bas-Uele	Bondo	3.5	80.9	22.5
Bas-Uele	Monga	4.1	69.0	24.6
Haut-Uele	Pawa	8.6	84.1	27.1
Ituri	Angumu	29.4	65.6	20.6
Ituri	Drodro	35.9	58.9	19.7
Ituri	Nyarambe	55.8	55.8	12.4
Ituri	Aungba	29.9	76.1	17.7
Ituri	Bambu	28.0	50.1	7.0
Ituri	Fataki	74.0	69.9	24.1
Ituri	Ghety	45.1	52.1	0.1
Ituri	Jiba	64.2	76.0	22.3
Ituri	Lita	45.9	39.4	0.1
Ituri	Mahagi	66.2	81.4	20.7
Ituri	Mambasa	33.8	59.7	0.0
Ituri	Rethy	76.6	57.9	20.6
Nord Kivu	Binza	44.2	95.6	0.5
Nord-Kivu	Birambizo	44.1	48.0	2.6
Nord-Kivu	Katoyi	31.5	58.7	3.8
Nord-Kivu	Kayna	59.0	57.2	4.9
Nord-Kivu	Kibirizi	40.9	57.8	0.4
Nord-Kivu	Kibua	62.7	67.4	9.7
Nord-Kivu	Masisi	76.9	49.4	2.4
Nord-Kivu	Walikale	35.8	68.6	9.6
Sud-Kivu	Bunyakiri	69.1	80.1	28.4
Sud-Kivu	Kadutu	94.9	91.9	63.5
Sud-Kivu	Kalehe	84.4	78.9	25.1
Sud-Kivu	Kalole	22.6	81.7	13.8
Sud-Kivu	Kitutu	68.7	53.5	1.5
Sud-Kivu	Minova	78.2	65.8	29.2
Sud-Kivu	Mwana	59.7	56.8	1.2
Sud-Kivu	Mwenga	62.8	63.9	1.7
Sud-Kivu	Nyantende	88.0	50.1	3.8
Haut Katanga	Kilwa	59.0	58.7	17.5
Haut-Katanga	Kipushi	80.6	74.9	61.4
Haut-Katanga	Kasenga	26.0	43.6	42.6
Haut-Katanga	Pweto	30.7	60.3	6.9
Haut-Katanga	Sakania	25.9	82.2	42.9
Tanganika	Moba	50.7	52.5	1.4