Progress Towards Elimination of Trachoma as a Public Health Problem in Eritrea: Results of a Systematic Review and Nine Population-based Prevalence Surveys Conducted in 2014

Figures & data

Table 1. Sampling details and prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in 1–9-year-olds and trichiasis in ≥15-year-olds, Ministry of Health trachoma surveys, Eritrea, 2006.³⁵

		1–9-year-olds		≥15-year-olds
Zoba	Number of villages (households) sampled	Number examined	TF prevalence, %^a (95% CI)	Number examined	Trichiasis prevalence, %^a (95% CI)
Debub	20 (600)	952	14.9 (12.7–17.4)	1198	2.2 (1.5–3.2)
Gash-Barka	20 (604)	1125	2.4 (1.6–3.5)	1270	1.9 (1.3–2.9)
NRS	20 (601)	841	5.5 (4.1–7.3)	1046	1.1 (0.6–1.9)

^aUnadjusted (original datasets unavailable).

CI, confidence interval; NRS, Northern Red Sea.

Figure 1. Prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in 1–9-year-olds, trachoma prevalence surveys, Eritrea, 2006 (Debub, Gash-Barka, and Northern Red Sea [NRS], each surveyed as a separate evaluation unit) and 2011 (Anseba, Maekel, and Southern Red Sea [SRS], surveyed as a single [discontinuous] evaluation unit composed of all three zobas).

Table 2. Sampling details and prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in 1–9-year-olds and trichiasis in ≥40-year-olds, Ministry of Health trachoma surveys, Eritrea, 2011.³⁶

		1–9-year-olds		≥40-year-olds
Evaluation unit	Number of villages (households) sampled	Number examined	TF prevalence, %^a (95% CI)	Number examined	Trichiasis prevalence, %^a (95% CI)
Anseba	7 (not stated)	452	3.8 (2.8–4.9)	169	1.5 (0.4–2.9)
Maekel	10 (not stated)	500		170
SRS	3 (not stated)	183		114
Total	20 (595)	1135		453

^aUnadjusted (original datasets unavailable).

CI, confidence interval; SRS, Southern Red Sea.

Table 3. Number of 1–9-year-olds and number of ≥ 15-year-olds resident, examined, absent and refused; prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF); and prevalence of trichiasis; trachoma prevalence surveys, Eritrea, June and July, 2014.

		1–9-year-olds						≥15-year-olds
Evaluation unit [Zoba, sub-Zoba(s)] (label in Figures 2 and 3)	Number of villages sampled	Resident	Examined	Absent	Refused	TF prevalence, %^a (95% CI)	TF prevalence, %^b (95% CI)	Resident	Examined	Absent	Refused	Trichiasis prevalence, %^c (95% CI)
Anseba, Adi Tekeliezan/Elabared/Gheleb/Hagaz (1)	31	1380	1279	93	8	8.6 (6.1–11.4)	9.8 (7.1–12.8)	2282	1589	685	8	0.15 (0.06–0.27)
Anseba, Habero/Halhal/Hamelmalo/Keren (2)	29	1269	1176	86	7	8.2 (5.5–10.5)	8.5 (5.9–11.0)	2086	1371	699	16	0.44 (0.14–0.74)
Debub, Adi Quala (3)	30	1032	881	65	86	2.7 (1.7–3.6)	3.0 (1.9–3.9)	2497	1602	865	26	0.76 (0.51–1.04)
Debub, Areza (4)	30	1021	1021	0	0	8.6 (6.2–10.7)	10.7 (7.8–13.2)	1402	1315	87	0	0.65 (0.40–0.90)
Debub, Dubarwa (5)	30	1097	1097	0	0	9.2 (6.6–12.2)	10.4 (7.8–13.5)	1538	1454	82	2	0.74 (0.28–1.57)
Debub, Emni Haili (6)	30	1547	1524	19	1	6.9 (5.4–8.9)	7.8 (6.3–9.9)	2087	1998	86	3	0.60 (0.36–0.85)
Debub, Mendefera (7)	30	1019	1008	4	7	5.6 (4.2–7.6)	7.4 (5.3–10.2)	1616	1609	1	5	1.14 (0.77–1.53)
Debub, Sena’fe (8)	30	858	858	0	0	1.6 (0.8–2.6)	1.8 (1.0–2.8)	1670	1593	75	2	1.15 (0.73–1.66)
Northern Red Sea, Nakfa (9)	30	1115	1112	3	0	2.6 (1.6–4.1)	2.8 (1.8–4.0)	1878	1395	483	0	0.10 (0.00–0.26)
Totals	270	10,338	9956	270	109			17,056	13,926	3063	62

^aAdjusted for age in 1–year age bands (see text).

^bAdjusted for age against the age bands 1–4 years and 5–9 years (see text).

^cAdjusted for gender and age in 5–year age bands (see text).

CI, confidence interval; N/A, not applicable.

Figure 2. Prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in 1–9-year-olds, trachoma prevalence surveys, June and July, 2014. Sub-Zobas are labelled with numbers; the key is found in both Tables 3 and 4. (NRS, Northern Red Sea; SRS, Southern Red Sea).

Figure 3. Prevalence of trichiasis in ≥15-year-olds, trachoma prevalence surveys, Eritrea, June and July, 2014. Sub-Zobas are labelled with numbers; the key is found in both Tables 3 and 4. (NRS, Northern Red Sea; SRS, Southern Red Sea).

Table 4. Household-level access to improved water and sanitation facilities by evaluation unit, trachoma prevalence surveys, Eritrea, June and July, 2014.

Evaluation unit [Zoba, sub-Zoba(s)] (label in Figures 2 and 3)	Number of households enrolled, n	Access to (any source of) water for face-washing within a 30-minute round trip, %	Access to an improved source of drinking water, %	Access to improved sanitation, %
Anseba, Adi Tekeliezan/Elabared/Gheleb/Hagaz (1)	925	70	80	46
Anseba, Habero/Halhal/Hamelmalo/Keren (2)	870	77	54	29
Debub, Adi Quala (3)	901	79	76	3
Debub, Areza (4)	891	63	43	11
Debub, Dubarwa (5)	894	54	65	91
Debub, Emni Haili (6)	902	58	17	1
Debub, Mendefera (7)	873	61	38	20
Debub, Sena’fe (8)	900	80	50	53
Northern Red Sea, Nakfa (9)	903	69	57	3

Ministry of Health of the State of Eritrea. Report of the national trachoma prevalece survey. Asmara: Ministry of Health; 2006.

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Ministry of Health of the State of Eritrea. Trachoma Prevalence Survey Report of Three Zobas (Anseba, Maekel and Southern Red Sea Zobas). Asmara: Ministry of Health; 2012.

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