Comparison of the Clinical Efficacies of 0.01% Atropine and Orthokeratology in Controlling the Progression of Myopia in Children

Figures & data

Figure 1. Treatment and groups (SAL = spectacles + 0.01% atropine; OKL = orthokeratology; SAH = spectacles + 0.01% atropine; OKH = orthokeratology)

Table 1. Alterations in SE and AL in the low-myopia group after treatment

		8–10 years			11–12 years			13–14 years
	SAL1	OKL1	P value	SAL2	OKL2	P value	SAL3	OKL3	P value
Gender(M:F)	5:5	6:4	1.000^b	5:5	5:5	1.000^b	4:6	5:5	1.000^b
Age, years, mean(SD)	9.20 (0.78)	9.50 (0.70)	0.382^a	11.40 (0.51)	11.50 (0.52)	0.673^a	13.40 (0.51)	13.70 (0.48)	0.196^a
SE, D, mean(SD) Baseline Change at 6 mo Change at 12 mo Change over 6 mo Change over 12 mo	−4.55 (0.76) −4.76 (0.81) −4.85 (0.83) −0.21 (0.05) −0.30 (0.07)	−4.63 (0.71) −4.89 (0.65) −5.05 (0.68) −0.26 (0.08) −0.41 (0.08)	0.751^a 0.596^a 0.427^a 0.030^a 0.000^a	−4.45 (0.74) −4.70 (0.81) −4.81 (0.82) −0.23 (0.08) −0.35 (0.09)	−4.66 (0.68) −4.90 (0.60) −5.01 (0.59) −0.24 (0.08) −0.35 (0.09)	0.367^a 0.386^a 0.386^a 0.823^a 0.836^a	−4.55 (0.73) −4.80 (0.83) −4.91 (0.86) −0.25 (0.10) −0.35 (0.14)	−4.66 (0.67) −4.90 (0.59) −5.00 (0.56) −0.24 (0.09) −0.34 (0.11)	0.637^a 0.665^a 0.707^a 0.846^a 0.880^a
AL, mm, mean(SD) Baseline Change at 6 mo Change at 12 mo Change over 6 mo Change over 12 mo	26.47 (0.66) 26.60 (0.69) 26.71 (0.72) 0.12 (0.04) 0.24 (0.06)	26.68 (0.72) 26.86 (0.67) 26.99 (0.69) 0.18 (0.06) 0.32 (0.07)	0.354^a 0.241^a 0.216^a 0.004^a 0.001^a	26.37 (0.85) 26.53 (0.91) 26.64 (0.94) 0.16 (0.06) 0.27 (0.09)	26.54 (0.81) 26.70 (0.74) 26.82 (0.74) 0.15 (0.07) 0.27 (0.08)	0.527^a 0.530^a 0.522^a 0.945^a 0.986^a	26.49 (0.81) 26.64 (0.87) 26.77 (0.90) 0.15 (0.05) 0.28 (0.09)	26.54 (0.72) 26.69 (0.67) 26.81 (0.62) 0.15 (0.05) 0.27 (0.10)	0.817^a 0.827^a 0.868^a 0.895^a 0.722^a

SE = spherical equivalent refraction

AL = axial length

D = diopter

M:F = male:female

SD = standard deviation

^aIndependent samples t-test

^bFisher’s exact test

Table 2. Alterations in SE and AL in the high-myopia group after treatment

		8–10 years			11–12 years			13–14 years
	SAH1	OKH1	P value	SAH2	OKH2	P value	SAH3	OKH3	P value
Gender (M:F)	5:5	5:5	1.000^b	6:4	4:6	0.656^b	4:6	5:5	1.000^b
Age, years, mean (SD)	9.60 (0.69)	9.70 (0.67)	0.749^a	11.50 (0.52)	11.70 (0.48)	0.388^a	13.33 (0.50)	13.70 (0.48)	0.123^a
SE, D, mean (SD) Baseline Change at 6 mo Change at 12 mo Change over 6 mo Change over 12 mo	−7.11 (0.77) −7.37 (0.87) −7.48 (0.83) −0.25(0.08) -0.37 (0.07)	−7.30 (0.75) −7.55 (0.68) −7.67 (0.66) −0.24 (0.08) -0.36 (0.09)	0.428^a 0.469^a 0.436^a 0.814^a 0.814^a	−7.13 (0.77) −7.41 (0.84) −7.55 (0.84) −0.28 (0.07) -0.41 (0.08)	−7.29 (0.75) −7.49 (0.66) −7.61 (0.66) −0.20 (0.09) -0.32 (0.09)	0.505^a 0.737^a 0.777^a 0.006^a 0.002^a	−7.11 (0.78) −7.45 (0.84) −7.60 (0.84) −0.33(0.07) -0.48 (0.07)	−7.28 (0.76) −7.45 (0.69) −7.55 (0.67) −0.17(0.08) -0.26 (0.11)	0.510^a 0.980^a 0.837^a 0.000^a 0.000^a
AL, mm, mean(SD) Baseline Change at 6 mo Change at 12 mo Change over 6 mo Change over 12 mo	27.74 (0.43) 27.90 (0.47) 28.03 (0.47) 0.16 (0.05) 0.29 (0.07)	27.82 (0.43) 27.97 (0.38) 28.05 (0.41) 0.15 (0.05) 0.16 (0.08)	0.561^a 0.615^a 0.888^a 0.558^a 0.695^a	27.61 (0.33) 27.80 (0.38) 27.94 (0.40) 0.18 (0.06) 0.32 (0.07)	27.58 (0.34) 27.72 (0.29) 27.83 (0.27) 0.13 (0.05) 0.24 (0.08)	0.778^a 0.466^a 0.335^a 0.013^a 0.005^a	27.51 (0.41) 27.72 (0.45) 27.82 (0.48) 0.21 (0.05) 0.36 (0.06)	27.57 (0.38) 27.68 (0.34) 27.77 (0.30) 0.11 (0.05) 0.20 (0.08)	0.652^a 0.740^a 0.729^a 0.000^a 0.000^a

Table 3. Comparison of Schirmer’s test and TBuT between the SA and OK groups after treatment

	SA	OK	P value
Schirmer’s test, s, mean(SD) Baseline Change at 3 mo Change at 6 mo Change at 12 mo Change over 3 mo Change over 6 mo Change over 12 mo	18.23 (1.61) 18.11 (1.29) 18.06 (1.67) 18.01 (1.57) −0.12 (1.31) −0.17 (1.36) −0.20 (1.56)	18.19 (1.61) 18.08 (1.90) 18.07 (1.89) 18.08 (1.92) −0.11 (0.89) −0.12 (0.94) −0.11 (0.94)	0.821^a 0.846^a 0.953^a 0.697^a 0.963^a 0.720^a 0.490^a
TBuT, s, mean(SD) Baseline Change at 3 mo Change at 6 mo Change at 12 mo Change over 3 mo Change over 6 mo Change over 12 mo	12.63 (1.49) 12.47 (1.58) 12.42 (1.87) 12.38 (1.70) −0.16 (1.42) −0.19 (1.79) −0.23 (1.83)	12.65 (1.52) 10.56 (1.74) 12.38 (1.79) 12.48 (1.85) −2.09 (0.74) −0.27 (1.41) −0.17 (1.55)	0.889^a 0.000^a 0.819^a 0.595^a 0.000^a 0.624^a 0.733^a

Table 4. Comparison of Schirmer’s test and TBuT in the SA and OK groups between before treatment and after treatment

	Baseline	3mo	6mo	12mo	P value
					Baseline vs 3 mo	Baseline vs 6 mo	Baseline vs 12 mo
Schirmer’s test, s, mean(SD) SA OK	18.23 (1.61) 18.19 (1.61)	18.11 (1.29) 18.08 (1.90)	18.06 (1.67) 18.07 (1.89)	18.01 (1.57) 18.08 (1.92)	0.236^a 0.098^a	0.092^a 0.084^a	0.066^a 0.137^a
TBuT, s, mean(SD) SA OK	12.63 (1.49) 12.65 (1.52)	12.47 (1.58) 10.56 (1.74)	12.42 (1.87) 12.38 (1.79)	12.38 (1.70) 12.48 (1.85)	0.130^a 0.000^a	0.126^a 0.011^a	0.075^a 0.151^a

^aPaired samples t-test