Trachoma Prevalence in Four Localities of Darfur Region, Sudan, following One Round of Antibiotic Mass Drug Administration

Figures & data

Table 1. Proportion of the enumerated population who were enumerated and examined in four evaluation units (EUs) of Darfur region, Sudan, December 2018–January 2019.

State	Locality	EU ID	Pre-MDA prevalence^Citation6		Age group (years)	Enumerated	Absent	Refused	Other	Examined (response rate, %)	Examined female (%)
			TF in 1–9 years (%)	TT in ≥15 years (%)
North Darfur	Dar Elsalam	80929	9.3	0.6	1–9	1,266	13	0	0	1,253 (99)	620 (49)
					≥15	1,351	174	1	0	1,176 (87)	796 (68)
					Total (≥1)	2,817	188	1	0	2,628 (93)	1,526 (58)
	Kalamindo	80930			1–9	1,357	21	1	1	1,334 (98)	695 (52)
					≥15	1,268	166	1	1	1,100 (87)	765 (70)
					Total (≥1)	2,872	190	2	2	2,678 (93)	1,603 (60)
South Darfur	Elsalam	80931	5.2	0.0	1–9	1,506	45	0	0	1,461 (97)	777 (53)
					≥15	1,293	205	7	1	1,080 (84)	779 (72)
					Total (≥1)	3,051	276	8	1	2,766 (91)	1,675 (61)
	Belail	80932			1–9	1,629	18	0	0	1,611 (99)	799 (50)
					≥15	1,341	137	3	0	1,201 (90)	902 (75)
					Total (≥1)	3,340	161	3	0	3,176 (95)	1,927 (61)

MDA: mass drug administration; TF: trachomatous inflammation – follicular; TT: trachomatous trichiasis.

Figure 1. Difference in adjusted prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in 1–9-year-olds, proportion of households with an improved washing water source, proportion of households with a washing water source within a 30-minute return journey of the household and proportion of households with an improved latrine in four evaluation units of Sudan. Pre-antibiotic mass drug administration (MDA) survey data collected as part of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project, 2014 − 2015.⁶ Post-MDA data collected in December 2018–January 2019. There are two post-MDA estimates associated with each pre-MDA estimate due to the splitting of each pre-MDA evaluation unit (EU) into two EUs for post-MDA surveys. Prop. HH: Proportion of households

Figure 2. Prevalence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) in 1–9-year-olds and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds in four evaluation units of Sudan. A single round of azithromycin mass drug administration (MDA) took place in these localities in 2017 and the surveys were completed in December 2018–January 2019. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the authors, or the institutions with which they are affiliated, concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Table 2. Prevalence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular and trachomatous trichiasis in four evaluation units (EUs) of Darfur region, Sudan, December 2018–January 2019.

State	Locality	Number of 1–9-year-olds examined	Number of TF cases*	Adjusted prevalence of TF, % (95% CI)	Number of ≥15-year-olds examined	TT^¶ with scarring*	TT*^¶	TT^¶ unknown to the health system	Adjusted prevalence of TT^¶ unknown to the health system, % (95% CI)
North Darfur	Dar Elsalam	1,253	43	2.7 (1.2–4.8)	1,176	3	3	3	0.08 (0.00–0.17)
	Kalamindo	1,334	47	2.5 (1.4–3.8)	1,100	6	6	4	0.11 (0.00–0.31)
South Darfur	Elsalam	1,461	45	2.4 (1.1–4.2)	1,080	3	4	3	0.04 (0.00–0.09)
	Belail	1,611	62	3.7 (2.1–5.1)	1,201	9	14	10	0.19 (0.03–0.44)
Total		5,659	197	-	4,557	21	27	20	-

TF: trachomatous inflammation—follicular; TT: trachomatous trichiasis.

* In one or both eyes.

^¶In this survey, TT was graded when people were found to have one or more eyelashes touching the eyeball or evidence of recent epilation of in-turned lashes, as per the simplified grading scheme.² Upper- and lower-lid trichiasis were not differentiated.

Table 3. Water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure coverage in four evaluation units (EUs) of Darfur region, Sudan, showing both the pre-antibiotic mass drug administration (MDA) data⁶ and post-MDA impact survey data (December 2018–January 2019). Improvement status of latrines and water sources was classified using United Nations Childrens' Fund/World Health Organization Joint Monitoring Programme definitions.¹⁶ Handwash station data were recorded where there was a station within 15 m of an improved or unimproved latrine but not where there was no latrine.

State	Locality	Clusters (Pre-MDA)	Households (Pre-MDA)	Clusters (Post-MDA)	House-holds (Post-MDA)	Households with improved drinking water source within a 30-minute return journey of the house (%)		Households with an improved latrine (%)		Households with handwashing station within 15 m of the latrine* (%)
						Pre-MDA	Post-MDA	Pre-MDA	Post-MDA	Pre-MDA	Post-MDA
North Darfur	Dar Elsalam	20	596	25	750	296 (50)	209 (28)	21 (3.5)	52 (7)	408 (68)	63 (8)
	Kalamindo			25	746		148 (20)		87 (12)		87 (12)
South Darfur	Elsalam	20	598	25	749	539 (90)	317 (42)	129 (22)	36 (5)	450 (75)	96 (13)
	Belail			25	749		497 (66)		46 (6)		183 (24)

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