Prevalence of Trachoma from 66 Impact Surveys in 52 Woredas of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ and Sidama Regions of Ethiopia, 2017–2019

Figures & data

Table 1. Population aged ≥1 year participating in 66 Trachoma Impact Surveys in SNNP and Sidama regions, Ethiopia, 2017–2019.

Zone	Evaluation units	Enumerated	Absent	Refused	Other	Examined	Examined female (%)
Gamo	Boreda, Chencha, Dita, Kemba, Mirab Abaya, Arba Minch zuria, Dermalo	40,699	3,825	54	2	36,818	20,099 (55%)
Gurage	Cheha, Kebena, Mihur Aklil, Enemorna Ener, Endegagn, Mareko	29,068	2,298	36	2	26,732	14,621 (55%)
South Omo	North Aari, South Aari	9,097	563	9	0	8,525	4,536 (53%)
Wolayita	Humbo, Kindo Didaye, Kindo Koysha, Offa, Boloso Bombe, Boloso Sore, Damot Gale, Damot Pullasa, Damot Sore, Damot Woyde, Duguna Fango, Soddo zuria	50,958	4,808	97	4	46,049	25,389 (55%)
Kembata- Tembaro	Damboya, Kedida Gamela, Hadero Tunto zuria	10,773	1,064	19	0	9,690	5,392 (56%)
Sidama region	Aleta Chuko, Aleta Wondo, Arbegona, Aroresa, Bensa, Bona zuria, Bursa, Chire, Dara, Gorche, Loka Abaya, Hula, Wonsho, Malega	47,170	4,291	108	0	42,771	23,253 (54%)
Siltie	Dalocha, Lanforo, Sankura, Silti	13,397	827	11	1	12,558	6,863 (55%)
Halaba	Halaba Rural	3,728	367	4	0	3,357	1,857 (55%)
Konso	Konso	3,418	353	2	0	3,063	1,739 (57%)
Special woreda	Alle, Derashe	13,462	1,429	32	3	11,998	6,831 (57%)

Figure 1. Prevalence of TF among children aged 1 − 9 years in trachoma impact surveys in SNNP and Sidama regions (SNNPR), Ethiopia, during the (A) first, (B) second and (C) third impact survey during this series. The boundaries and names shown, and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the authors, or the institutions with which they are affiliated, concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Figure 2. Prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in people aged ≥15 years and above in SNNP and Sidama regions, Ethiopia, during the (A) first, (B) second and (C) third impact survey during this series. The boundaries and names shown, and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the authors, or the institutions with which they are affiliated, concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Figure 3. Change in trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) prevalence in children aged 1 – 9 years in populations of SNNP and Sidama regions, Ethiopia, which had had multiple estimates of this index by 2019. Prevalence estimates from 2017 – 2019 are trachoma impact survey data generated with support from Tropical Data (TD) and presented in this manuscript. Prevalence estimates from 2013 were generated as part of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project.¹⁶ Pre-2013 estimates were generated from Orbis baseline trachoma prevalence survey (unpublished). Baseline surveys were carried out using different EU boundaries to those used in these impact surveys, and therefore direct comparisons are not appropriate.

Table 2. Association between trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) and individual- and household-level variables in 1 – 9-year-olds in trachoma impact surveys in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ and Sidama regions of Ethiopia, 2017 – 2019. Household and cluster of residence were included as random-effects variables.

Variable	Levels	No TF	TF	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
				OR (95% CI)	P	aOR (95% CI)	p
Age group (years)	1 – 3	15,638	2,973	Ref	<0.001	Ref	<0.001
	4 – 6	22,117	2,362	0.45 (0.42 – 0.48)		0.46 (0.43 – 0.49)
	7 – 9	24,189	739	0.10 (0.09 – 0.12)		0.10 (0.09 – 0.12)
Gender	Male	31,289	3,125	Ref	0.0369	Ref	0.161
	Female	30,655	2,949	0.93 (0.88 – 1.00)		0.96 (0.90 – 1.03)
Washing water source	Improved	35,841	3,549	Ref	0.205	Not tested
	Unimproved	14,948	1,385	0.98 (0.88 – 1.09)
	Surface	11,155	1,140	0.91 (0.82 – 1.01)
Return journey to washing water source	≤30 minutes	24,019	2,071	Ref	<0.001	Ref	<0.001
	>30 minutes	37,925	4,003	1.23 (1.13 – 1.33)		1.25 (1.14 – 1.37)
Latrine ownership	Private	45,878	4,211	Ref	<0.001	Ref	<0.001
	Shared	6,124	695	1.22 (1.09 – 1.37)		1.16 (1.02 – 1.31)
	Open	9,942	1,168	1.36 (1.23 – 1.50)		0.85 (0.71 – 1.02)
Latrine status	Improved	1,587	85	Ref	<0.001	Ref	<0.001
	Unimproved	12,884	1,606	2.12 (1.59 – 2.82)		1.59 (1.17 – 2.14)
	Open	47,473	4,383	1.49 (1.13 – 1.97)		2.60 (1.85 – 3.66)
Number of 1 – 9-year-olds in the household	1 – 2	34,777	3,212	Ref	<0.001	Ref	<0.001
	3 – 4	25,436	2,677	1.20 (1.11 – 1.28)		1.25 (1.15 – 1.35)
	≥5	1,731	185	1.25 (1.00 – 1.58)		1.43 (1.11 – 1.85)

aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio

Adera TH, Macleod C, Endriyas M, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for trachoma in southern nations, nationalities, and peoples’ region, Ethiopia: results of 40 population-based prevalence surveys carried out with the global trachoma mapping project. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2016;23(Suppl. 1):1–7. Accessed 05 Dec 2016. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09286586.2016.1247876.

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