Prevalence of Trachoma in Four Evaluation Units in Yemen after Implementation of Trachoma Elimination Measures

Figures & data

Table 1. Population enumerated, examined, and reasons for nonparticipation during trachoma impact surveys in two governates of Yemen, October 2019.

Governate	Districts	EU ID	Enumerated, n	Absent, n	Refused, n	Other non-specified reason for not taking part, n	Examined, n	Examined female, n (%)
Al Hodeidah	Al Mighlaf, Al Munirah and As Salif	80862	2,747	56	33	0	2,658	1,313 (49)
Al Hodeidah	Az Zaydiyah	80863	3,020	70	75	4	2,871	1,320 (46)
Ibb	Far Al Udayn	80864	2,768	90	59	49	2,570	1,217 (47)
Ibb	Mudhaykhirah	80865	3,147	73	50	5	3,019	1,602 (53)

EU ID: Evaluation unit identifier; MDA: mass drug administration; TF: trachomatous inflammation—follicular.

Figure 1. Prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in 1−9-year-olds in trachoma impact surveys of four evaluation units of Yemen, October 2019. The prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds was <0.2% in all EUs surveyed. The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the authors, or the institutions with which they are affiliated, concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Figure 2. Change in prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in 1−9-year-olds following one round of antibiotic mass drug administration. X-axis coordinates have been artificially adjusted to prevent overlap and allow confidence intervals to be seen more clearly. Pre-MDA prevalence estimates are taken from Thabit et al., 2018¹⁴. Pre-MDA prevalence estimates in Al Hodeidah governate are from four districts surveyed as a single EU: Al Mighlaf, Al Munirah, As Salif and Az Zaydiyah. Prevalence estimates from Ibb governate are from three districts surveyed as a single EU, one of which was not re-surveyed in this series: Al Udayn (not resurveyed), Far Al Udayn and Mudhaykhirah. Because the pre-MDA and post-MDA EU boundaries are not identical, potential changes in prevalence between time points are not interpretable.

Table 2. Prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in children aged 1−9 years in trachoma impact surveys of two governates of Yemen, October 2019.

Governate	Districts	Impact survey, 2019				2013 pre-MDA prevalence of TF in 1−9-year-olds (%, 95% CI)^Citation13
		Examined children aged 1−9 years	Children aged 1−9 years with TF in at least one eye (%)	Children aged 1−9 years with TI in at least one eye (%)	Adjusted prevalence of TF in children aged 1−9 years* (%, 95% CI)*
Al Hodeidah	Al Mighlaf, Al Munirah and As Salif	811	22 (3)	0 (0)	2.3 (1.1−3.5)	6.3 (4.3–8.7)**
Al Hodeidah	Az Zaydiyah	942	26 (3)	2 (<1)	3.1 (1.2−5.1)	6.3 (4.3–8.7)**
Ibb	Far Al Udayn	983	81 (8)	0 (0)	7.9 (4.9−12.7)	6.3 (1.7–11.2)^¶
Ibb	Mudhaykhirah	1,075	42 (4)	4 (<1)	3.1 (1.8−4.9)	6.3 (1.7–11.2)^¶

* Adjusted in one-year age bands according to the 2004 census.²⁴

** Prevalence in four districts in Al Hodeidah governate surveyed as a single EU: Al Mighlaf, Al Munirah, As Salif and Az Zaydiyah.^13,14

^¶Prevalence in three districts in Ibb governate surveyed as a single EU: Al Udayn, Far Al Udayn and Mudhaykhirah.^13,14

CI: confidence interval; TI: trachomatous inflammation—intense.

Table 3. Prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in people aged ≥15 years in trachoma impact surveys, two governates of Yemen, October 2019.

Governate	Districts	Impact survey, 2019					2013 pre-MDA prevalence of TT in ≥15-year-olds (%, 95% CI)^Citation13
		Examined aged ≥15 years	People aged ≥15 years with TT in at least one eye (%)	People aged ≥15 years with TT and TS in at least one eye	People aged ≥15 years with TT unknown to the health system in at least one eye	Adjusted prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in people aged ≥15 years (%, 95% CI)*
Al Hodeidah	Al Mighlaf, Al Munirah and As Salif	1,472	5 (0.3)	4 (0.3)	5 (0.3)	0.19 (0.00−0.45)	0.1 (0.0–0.1)**
Al Hodeidah	Az Zaydiyah	1,512	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.00 (-)	0.1 (0.0–0.1)**
Ibb	Far Al Udayn	1.171	1 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0.00 (-)	0.17 (0.0–0.5)^¶
Ibb	Mudhaykhirah	1,431	3 (0.2)	3 (0.2)	3 (0.2)	0.15 (0.00−0.46)	0.17 (0.0–0.5)^¶

* Adjusted in five-year age and gender bands according to the 2004 census.²⁴

** Prevalence in four districts in Al Hodeidah governate surveyed as a single EU: Al Mighlaf, Al Munirah, As Salif and Az Zaydiyah.^13,14

^¶Prevalence in three districts in Ibb governate surveyed as a single EU: Al Udayn, Far Al Udayn and Mudhaykhirah.^13,14

TS: trachomatous scarring.

Table 4. Household water, sanitation and hygiene access, trachoma impact surveys, two governates of Yemen, October 2019.

Governate	Districts	Impact survey, 2019					Pre-MDA survey, 2013
		Villages	Households visited	Households with improved drinking water source, n (%)	Households with a drinking water source within 30-minute return journey of the household, n (%)	Households with an improved latrine, n (%)	Households visited	Households with improved drinking water source, n (%)	Households with a drinking water source within 30-minute return journey of the household, n (%)	Households with an improved latrine, n (%)
Al Hodeidah	Al Mighlaf, Al Munirah and As Salif	20	600	510 (85)	475 (79)	193 (32)	607	346 (57)	254 (42)	445 (73)
Al Hodeidah	Az Zaydiyah	20	600	600 (100)	598 (>99)	432 (72)
Ibb	Far Al Udayn	20	600	242 (40)	267 (45)	495 (83)	827	759 (92)	627 (76)	587 (71)
Ibb	Mudhaykhirah	20	617	532 (86)	511 (83)	201 (33)

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