Night Owls and Lone Wolves

Figures & data

Table 1. Sample demographics. TDI = Townsend deprivation index.

		Sleep	TDI	Age
Mean	DM	7.02	−2.11	63.5
	DE	7.08	−1.69	61.5
Standard deviation	DM	1.18	2.63	7.34
	DE	1.13	2.84	7.65

Table 2. The association between diurnal preference and loneliness.

				95% Confidence Interval
Predictor	Z	p	Odds ratio	Lower	Upper
Diurnal_preference:
DE – DM	5.57	< .001	1.68	1.40	2.02
DE – DM^1	5.66	< .001	1.70	1.41	2.04
DE – DM^2	5.19	< .001	1.62	1.35	1.96
DE – DM^3	5.36	< .001	1.66	1.38	2.00
DE – DM^4	5.08	< .001	1.62	1.35	1.96

Binary logistic regression analyses with diurnal preference as the predictor and loneliness the outcome variable. Model 1 (DE-DM) no adjustment; Model 2 (DE – DM¹) adjusted for sex, Model 3 (DE – DM²) adjusted for sex and age, Model 4 (DE – DM³) adjusted for sex and age and sleep, Model 5 (DE – DM⁴) adjusted for sex, age. sleep and TDI.

Figure 1. Right hippocampal volume (mm³) in lonely and not-lonely morning and evening types. Open and solid circles show mean, error bars SEM.