Perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus and very preterm birth: case–control study

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics for women with or without GDM at very preterm birth.

Parameter	GDM (n = 15)	Non-GDM (n = 15)	р
Maternal age (years)	33.0 [28.0; 36.0]	31.0 [28.0; 34.0]	>0.05
Gravidity	2.0 [1.0; 3.0]	2.0 [1.0; 3.0]	>0.05
Parity	2,0 [1.0; 3.0]	2,0 [1.0; 3.0]	>0.05
Pre-pregnancy body  mass index (kg/m^2)	23.2 [21.2; 30.1]	25.6 [22.0; 29.0]	>0.05
Maternal weight gain (kg)	11.0 [7.0; 15.0]	9.0 [7.0; 12.0]	>0.05
Chronic hypertension	2 (13.3)	3 (20.0)	>0.05
Mild pre-eclampsia	2 (13.3)	4 (26.7)	>0.05
Severe pre-eclampsia	7 (46.7)	6 (40.0)	>0.05

Data are presented as n (%) or median (25th; 75th percentiles).

GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus.

Table 2. Neonatal outcome for women with or without GDM at very preterm birth.

Parameter	GDM (n = 21)	Non-GDM (n = 20)	р
Male neonate	11 (52.4)	15 (72.0)	>0.05
Birth weight (g)	1460 [1210; 1800]	1355 [1200; 1595]	>0.05
Birth weight < 1500 g	10 (47.6)	12 (60.0)	>0.05
Birth weight < 1000 g	1 (4.8)	2 (10.0)	>0.05
Birth weight percentile <10th	4 (19.0)	6 (30.0)	>0.05
Birth weight percentile >90th	0 (0)	0 (0)	NA
Birth length (sm)	38.0 [37.0; 42.0]	38.5 [36.8; 39.0]	>0.05
Ponderal index, kg/m^3	25.0 [22.2; 26.8]	24.8 [22.6; 26.6]	>0.05
1-min Apgar < 7	21 (100.0)	20 (100.0)	>0.05
5-min Apgar < 7	3 (14.3)	8 (40.0)	>0.05
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	2.40 [2.2; 3.2]	2.45 [1.6; 2.7]	>0.05
Blood glucose < 2.6 mmol/L	12 (57.1)	12 (60.0)	>0.05
Blood glucose < 2.2 mmol/L	5 (23.8)	8 (40.3)	>0.05
Blood glucose < 1.7 mmol/L	3 (14.3)	7 (35.0)	>0.05
NICU admission	21 (100.0)	20 (100.0)	>0.05
Perinatal death	0 (0)	0 (0)	NA

Data are presented as n (%) or median (25th; 75th percentiles).

NA: not available; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit.