Evaluation of androgen-dependent skin findings of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of demographics and clinical findings of the study population.

Clinical Parameters	Mean ± SD		N (208)	%
Age(years)^a	24.15 ± 7.1	18 ≤ Age ≤ 35	186	89.40
		≥36	22	10.60
Waist circumference (cm)^a	92 ± 10	<88	123	59.1
		≥88	85	40.9
Body mass index (kg/m^2)^a	25.84 ± 6.0	30 < BMI	165	79.30
		≥30 BMI	43	20.70
Marital status^b		Married	154	74.0
		Single	54	26.0
Systolic blood pressure(mm/Hg)^b		<130	95	45.70
		≥130	113	54.30
Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)^b		<85	185	88.90
		≥85	23	11.10
Acne^b		Presence	178	85.60
Seborrhea^b		Presence	186	89.40
Hirsutism (Total)^b		Presence	194	93.26
Hirsutism (MFG scores)^b		MFG1 = 8–15	17	8.20
		MFG2 = 16–25	94	45.20
		MFG 3= ≥26	83	39.90
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA)^b		Presence	191	91.80
Acanthosis Nigricans (AN)^b		Presence	117	56.30
Skin tag (ST)^b		Presence	69	33.20

mFGS: modified Ferriman Gallwey, SD: standard deviation.

^a Values are mean ± standard deviation.

^b alculated as n and %.

Table 2. Comparison of hormonal values of patients with PCOS with and without skin findings.

	Acne			Seborrhea			Androgenetic alopecia (AGA)			Acanthosis Nigricans (AN)			Skin tag (ST)			Hirsutism
	No (n = 29)	Yes (n = 178)	p	No (n = 22)	Yes (n = 186)	p	No (n = 139)	Yes (n = 69)	p	No (n = 17)	Yes (n = 191)	p	No (n = 139)	Yes (n = 69)	p	No (n = 17)	Yes (n = 191)	p
DHEA-SO4 (nmol/L)^a	384.63 ± 146.48	331.86 ± 127.46	.044^b	353.57 ± 148.72	337.49 ± 128.96	.587^b	346.46 ± 132.78	324.55 ± 126.67	.257^b	256.79 ± 96.69	346.53 ± 131.2	.006^b	346.46 ± 132.78	324.55 ± 126.67	.257^b	256.79 ± 96.69	346.53 ± 131.2	0.006^b
Androstenedione (ng/mL)^c	1.35 (0.11–2.33)	1.21 (0.01–9.92)	.355^d	1.4 (0.11–2.33)	1.21 (0.01–9.92)	.389^d	1.2 (0.01–3.95)	1.26 (0.1–9.92)	.318^d	1.54 (0.44–9.92)	1.2 (0.01–3.95)	.062^d	1.2 (0.01–3.95)	1.26 (0.1–9.92)	.318^d	1.54 (0.44–9.92)	1.2 (0.01–3.95)	.062^d
TT (ng/mL)^c	0.86 (0.23–1.69)	0.51 (0.01–2.09)	.002^d	0.81 (0.23–1.69)	0.53 (0.01–2.09)	.104^d	0.53 (0.07–2.09)	0.55 (0.01–1.76)	.839^d	0.64 (0.05–1.96)	0.54 (0.01–2.09)	.326^d	0.53 (0.07–2.09)	0.55 (0.01–1.76)	.839^d	0.64 (0.05–1.96)	0.54 (0.01–2.09)	.326^d
FT (pg/mL)^a	1.88 ± 1.07	1.68 ± 0.78	.238^b	1.98 ± 1.17	1.68 ± 0.77	.264^b	1.63 ± 0.81	1.87 ± 0.84	.025^d	2.45 ± 0.76	1.65 ± 0.79	<.001^b	1.63 ± 0.81	1.87 ± 0.84	.025^d	2.45 ± 0.76	1.65 ± 0.79	<.001^b
SHBG (ng/mL)^c	38 (12.5–210)	38.6 (1.35–201)	.903^d	36.35 (12.5–138.7)	38.6 (1.35–210)	.890^d	38.9 (14.2–201)	33.6 (1.35–210)	.100^d	33.6 (17.8–154.3)	38.6 (1.35–210)	.560^d	38.9 (14.2–201)	33.6 (1.35–210)	.100^d	33.6 (17.8–154.3)	38.6 (1.35–210)	.560^d
17OHPG (ng/mL)^c	0.46 (0.21–3.75)	0.38 (0.04–2.56)	.020^d	0.47 (0.21–3.75)	0.38 (0.04–2.56)	.043^d	0.39 (0.04–2.14)	0.41 (0.17–3.75)	.398^d	0.46 (0.1–2.05)	0.39 (0.04–3.75)	.987^d	0.39 (0.04–2.14)	0.41 (0.17–3.75)	.398^d	0.46 (0.1–2.05)	0.39 (0.04–3.75)	.987^d
Prolactin(ng/mL)^c	18 (5.03–31.75)	18.02 (4.7–40.58)	.639^d	18.15 (5.03–31.75)	18.02 (4.7–40.58)	.675^d	18.29 (4.7–40.58)	17.8 (5.03–39.8)	.853^d	19.8 (5.03–39.8)	18 (4.7–40.58)	.754^d	18.29 (4.7–40.58)	17.8 (5.03–39.8)	.853^d	19.8 (5.03–39.8)	18 (4.7–40.58)	.754^d
LH (IU/mL)^c	8.26 (3.58–40.59)	6.32 (0.16–45.7)	.019^d	8.89 (3.6–40.59)	6.32 (0.16–45.7)	.008^d	6.56 (0.16–35.12)	5.85 (0.53–45.7)	.861^d	6.78 (1.67–24.06)	6.4 (0.16–45.7)	.656^d	6.56 (0.16–35.12)	5.85 (0.53–45.7)	.861^d	6.78 (1.67–24.06)	6.4 (0.16–45.7)	.656^d
FSH (IU/mL)^c	6.48 (3.44–11.91)	6.63 (1.68–29.91)	.820^d	6.65 (3.79–11.7)	6.63 (1.68–29.91)	.903^d	6.66 (2.2–29.91)	6.51 (1.68–14.2)	.532^d	6.92 (2.72–14.7)	6.6 (1.68–29.91)	.182^d	6.66 (2.2–29.91)	6.51 (1.68–14.2)	.532^d	6.92 (2.72–14.7)	6.6 (1.68–29.91)	.182^d
FAI^c	3.6 (0.9–18.6)	2.9 (0.15–22.3)	.217^d	2.48 (0.9–18.6)	2.96 (0.15–22.3)	.636^d	2.9 (0.18–20.8)	2.9 (0.15–22.3)	.499^d	2.11 (0.15–7.5)	2.98 (0.18–22.3)	.015^d	2.9 (0.18–20.8)	2.9 (0.15–22.3)	.499^d	2.11 (0.15–7.5)	2.98 (0.18–22.3)	.015^d
FG (mg/dL)^c	98 (76–120)	98 (74–122)	.689^d	97 (76–120)	98 (74–122)	.661^d	97.12 ± 10.75	98.76 ± 10.54	.300^b	97 (76–116)	98 (74–122)	.819^d	97.12 ± 10.75	98.76 ± 10.54	.300^b	97 (76–116)	98 (74–122)	.819^d
FI (mUI/mL)^c	11 (3.96–23.3)	10.2 (3.04–35.1)	.457^d	10.1 (3.96–23.3)	10.38 (3.04–35.1)	.837^d	9.84 ± 3.06	13.76 ± 6.46	<.001^b	8.12 (3.04–14.55)	10.5 (3.96–35.1)	.004^d	9.84 ± 3.06	13.76 ± 6.46	<.001^b	8.12 (3.04–14.55)	10.5 (3.96–35.1)	.004^d
HbA1C (%)^c	5.4 (4.4–6.8)	5.5 (4–11.36)	.541^d	5.4 (4.4–6.3)	5.5 (4–11.36)	.283^d	5.4 (4–11.36)	5.6 (4.4–8)	.017^d	5.4 (4.4–6.7)	5.5 (4–11.36)	.787^d	5.4 (4–11.36)	5.6 (4.4–8)	.017^d	5.4 (4.4–6.7)	5.5 (4–11.36)	.787^d
HDL (mg/dL)^c	46 (36–86)	46.9 (29.9–112)	.476^d	45.65 (36–86)	46.8 (29.9–112)	.289^d	47 (33–112)	45 (29.9–96)	.022^d	46 (36–86)	46.8 (29.9–112)	.574^d	47 (33–112)	45 (29.9–96)	.022^d	46 (36–86)	46.8 (29.9–112)	.574^d
TG (mg/dL)^c	150 (66–301)	152 (33–365)	.979^d	140 (66–301)	152 (33–365)	.961^d	152(33–289)	152 (65–365)	.353^d	167 (65–278)	152 (33–365)	.054^d	152(33–289)	152 (65–365)	.353^d	167 (65–278)	152 (33–365)	.054^d
HOMA-IR^c	2.67 (0.83–6.04)	2.46 (0.81–12.67)	.755^d	2.35 (0.83–6.04)	2.51 (0.81–12.67)	.471^d	2.3 (0.81–12.67)	3.2 (0.83–8.49)	<.001^d	2.22 (1.01–3.61)	2.52 (0.81–12.67)	.310^d	2.3 (0.81–12.67)	3.2 (0.83–8.49)	<.001^d	2.22 (1.01–3.61)	2.52 (0.81–12.67)	.310^d

^a Data were presented as means ± SD.

^b The t test in independent groups.

^c Data were presented as median (min–max).

^d Mann–Whitney U Test.

p < .05 was considered statistically significant.

DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; FAI, free androgen index; FI, fasting insulin; FSH, follicle stimulating; FT, free testosterone; HbA1C: Hemoglobin A1 C; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; LH, luteinizing hormone; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; TG, triglycerides; TT, total testosterone; 17OHPG, 17-hydroxy progesterone.