Association of the KISS1, LIN28B, VDR and ERα gene polymorphisms with early and fast puberty in Chinese girls

Figures & data

Figure 1. Typical sequencing traces of the 8 SNPs are shown.

Table 1. Hormonal characteristics in the case group.

Characteristic	EFP (n = 141)
Basal LH (IU/L)	1.88 ± 1.81
Basal FSH (IU/L)	3.91 ± 1.79
E2 (pmol/L)	139.47 ± 93.07
T(nmol/L)	0.36 ± 0.29
IGF (ng/ml)	350.74 ± 137.92
Peak LH (IU/L)	20.39 ± 13.86
Peak FSH (IU/L)	10.53 ± 3.93

EFP: early and fast puberty; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; T: testosterone; E2: estradiol; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor.

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Table 2. Association between selected SNPs and early and fast puberty risk.

SNP	Models	Allele/genotype	Case (%)	Control (%)	OR (95%CI)	P
rs5780218	Additive	delA	0.447	0.411	1.175 (0.832–1.659)	0.361
		A	0.553	0.589
	Dominant	AA	0.270	0.158	1.369 (0.829–2.261)	0.220
		AdelA + delAdelA	0.730	0.842
	Recessive	delAdelA	0.163	0.336	1.040 (0.557–1.941)	0.903
		AA + AdelA	0.837	0.664
rs7759938	Additive	C	0.252	0.289	0.821 (0.566–1.191)	0.299
		T	0.748	0.711
	Dominant	TT	0.532	0.520	0.952 (0.602–1.507)	0.835
		TC + CC	0.468	0.480
	Recessive	CC	0.035	0.099	0.336 (0.118–0.950)	0.040
		TC + TT	0.965	0.901
rs364663	Additive	T	0.266	0.293	0.873 (0.606–1.258)	0.467
		A	0.734	0.707
	Dominant	AA	0.518	0.513	0.982 (0.621–1.553)	0.938
		AT + TT	0.482	0.487
	Recessive	TT	0.050	0.099	0.477 (0.189–1.207)	0.118
		AT + AA	0.950	0.901
rs221634	Additive	A	0.429	0.454	0.906 (0.656–1.251)	0.550
		T	0.571	0.546
	Dominant	TT	0.326	0.309	0.924 (0.565–1.512)	0.754
		TA + AA	0.674	0.691
	Recessive	AA	0.184	0.217	0.815 (0.459–1.448)	0.486
		TA + TT	0.816	0.783
rs2234693	Additive	C	0.461	0.444	1.073 (0.771–1.492)	0.677
		T	0.539	0.556
	Dominant	TT	0.270	0.316	1.251 (0.755–2.074)	0.385
		TC + CC	0.730	0.684
	Recessive	CC	0.191	0.204	0.924 (0.520–1.644)	0.789
		TC + TT	0.809	0.796
rs7975232	Additive	A	0.305	0.253	1.317 (0.904–1.918)	0.151
		C	0.695	0.747
	Dominant	CC	0.461	0.553	1.444 (0.912–2.289)	0.118
		CA + AA	0.539	0.447
	Recessive	AA	0.071	0.059	1.213 (0.478–3.078)	0.685
		CA + CC	0.929	0.941
rs1544410	Additive	T	0.071	0.039	1.788 (0.872–3.666)	0.112
		C	0.929	0.961
	Dominant	CC	0.872	0.921	1.707 (0.791–3.686)	0.173
		CT + TT	0.128	0.079
	Recessive	TT	0.014	0.986	NA	NA
		CT + CC	0.000	1.000
rs2228570	Additive	A	0.461	0.467	0.976 (0.707–1.348)	0.883
		G	0.539	0.533
	Dominant	GG	0.298	0.283	0.930 (0.561–1.541)	0.778
		GA + AA	0.702	0.717
	Recessive	AA	0.220	0.217	1.016 (0.583–1.769)	0.955
		GA + GG	0.780	0.783

a. EFP risk for per +1 additional minor allele (B) in logistic regression models.

b. EFP risk for minor allele homozygotes + heterozygotes (BB + AB) compared with major allele homozygotes (AA) in logistic regression models.

c. EFP risk for minor allele homozygotes (BB) compared with major allele homozygotes + heterozygotes (AA + AB) in logistic regression models.

p < 0.05 are highlighted in bold.

Figure 2. LD plot for 8 SNPs in the selected gene.

Table 3. Association of selected SNPs with peak LH, peak FSH, and LH/FSH in case groups and their association with CPP in previous study.

	Early and fast puberty							Central precocious puberty (CPP)
	(EFP)
Gene	SNP	Peak LH		Peak FSH		LH/FSH		SNP	OR	P
		β	P	β	P	β	P
KISS1	rs5780218	4.826	0.008	0.811	0.133	0.361	0.007	rs5780218	1.409	0.009
LIN28B	rs7759938	−0.871	0.675	−0.594	0.329	−0.125	0.414	rs7759938	0.812	0.13
LIN28B	rs364663	−1.344	0.502	−0.753	0.198	−0.106	0.472	rs364663	0.854	0.243
LIN28B	rs221634	−0.951	0.573	−0.078	0.875	−0.047	0.706	rs221634	0.867	0.263
ERα	rs2234693	3.532	0.045	−0.031	0.952	0.349	0.006	rs2234693	0.85	0.225
VDR	rs7975232	−3.862	0.052	−1.109	0.057	−0.216	0.14	rs7975232	0.958	0.761
VDR	rs1544410	−5.891	0.047	−1.922	0.027	−0.272	0.216	rs1544410	0.464	0.029
VDR	rs2228570	0.269	0.871	0.056	0.908	0.106	0.383	rs2228570	1.157	0.278

P values (< 0.05) are shown in bold.

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.