Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system effects on metabolic variables in PCOS

Figures & data

Table 1. The baseline measurements women with PCOS and controls.

Characteristics	Group	Baseline
Age, year	Group A	32.18 ± 6.06
	Group B	31.61 ± 5.75
BMI, kg/m^2	Group A	22.88 ± 1.94^a
	Group B	21.10 ± 1.07^a
WC, kg/m^2	Group A	77.01 ± 8.42^a
	Group B	70.87 ± 6.33^a
AC, cm	Group A	81.53 ± 7.59^a
	Group B	77.45 ± 5.74^a
IMT, cm	Group A	0.46 ± 0.04
	Group B	0.45 ± 0.04
SAP, mmHg	Group A	115.50 ± 14.23
	Group B	111.27 ± 10.67
DAP, mmHg	Group A	76.06 ± 9.03
	Group B	73.41 ± 7.52
FSH, IU/L	Group A	6.23 ± 0.81^a
	Group B	5.20 ± 0.98^a
LH, IU/L	Group A	11.85 ± 2.26^a
	Group B	6.14 ± 0.91^a
T, nmol/L	Group A	2.39 ± 0.50^a
	Group B	1.30 ± 0.27^a
SHBG, nmol/L	Group A	46.52 ± 12.84^a
	Group B	72.08 ± 12.72^a
FAI	Group A	5.48 ± 1.63^a
	Group B	1.86 ± 0.52^a
FPG, mmol/L	Group A	5.17 ± 0.70
	Group B	4.93 ± 0.67
FINs, mIU/L	Group A	12.32 ± 3.16^a
	Group B	7.82 ± 2.15^a
HOMA-IR	Group A	2.81 ± 0.72^a
	Group B	1.72 ± 0.59^a
TC, mg/dL	Group A	176.98 ± 31.93
	Group B	170.05 ± 27.99
TG, mg/dL	Group A	84.95 ± 19.03
	Group B	79.34 ± 19.93
HDL, mg/dL	Group A	47.82 ± 8.89^a
	Group B	52.20 ± 10.87^a
LDL, mg/dL	Group A	105.10 ± 33.67
	Group B	113.82 ± 18.54
Ovarian volumes, cm^3	Group A	10.13 ± 3.09^a
	Group B	6.16 ± 1.44^a

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; AC, abdominal circumference; IMT, intima-media thickness of the carotid artery; SAP, systolic arterial pressure; DAP, diastolic arterial pressure; FSH, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; T, testosterone; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; FAI, free androgen index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FIN, Fasting insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.

^ap < 0.05 compared with two groups (standard deviation).

Table 2. The age, IMT, SAP, DAP, AC, WC serum levels of FPG, TG, TC, LDL,LH, FSH, T, FIN and ovarian volumes in two groups during the 24-month following-up.

Characteristics	Group	6 month	12 month	24 month
Age, year	Group A	--	--	--
	Group B	--	--	--
BMI, kg/m^2	Group A	23.07 ± 1.90^a	22.93 ± 1.73^a	22.90 ± 1.67^a
	Group B	21.24 ± 0.87^a	21.20 ± 0.95^a	21.14 ± 0.84^a
WC, cm	Group A	78.02 ± 8.18^a	76.90 ± 7.62^a	77.24 ± 7.61^a
	Group B	71.50 ± 7.38^a	71.16 ± 7.15^a	70.42 ± 7.46^a
AC, cm	Group A	81.76 ± 6.65^a	81.59 ± 6.02^a	81.62 ± 5.85^a
	Group B	78.52 ± 5.47^a	77.81 ± 5.07^a	77.75 ± 4.69^a
IMT, cm	Group A	0.47 ± 0.03	0.48 ± 0.03	0.47 ± 0.02
	Group B	0.46 ± 0.03	0.46 ± 0.05	0.46 ± 0.03
SAP, mmHg	Group A	114.23 ± 13.81	112.10 ± 12.21	116.11 ± 11.40
	Group B	110.37 ± 10.79	110.03 ± 8.20	112.68 ± 9.20
DAP, mmHg	Group A	77.10 ± 9.10	75.40 ± 8.66	74.34 ± 6.89
	Group B	74.22 ± 7.36	72.90 ± 5.98	71.84 ± 5.53
FSH, IU/L	Group A	5.98 ± 1.13^a	5.89 ± 0.79^a	6.15 ± 0.94^a
	Group B	5.34 ± 0.97^a	5.25 ± 0.65^a	5.42 ± 0.89^a
LH, IU/L	Group A	11.62 ± 2.0^a	11.43 ± 2.18^a	12.03 ± 1.94^a
	Group B	6.20 ± 0.86^a	6.02 ± 0.63^a	5.91 ± 0.64^a
T, nmol/L	Group A	2.36 ± 0.33^a	2.45 ± 0.45^a	2.50 ± 0.48^a
	Group B	1.35 ± 0.23^a	1.32 ± 0.20^a	1.28 ± 0.19^a
SHBG, nmol/L	Group A	48.70 ± 8.0^a	51.0 ± 12.11^a	48.85 ± 10.79^a
	Group B	69.44 ± 13.43^a	70.84 ± 12.08^a	74.01 ± 15.33^a
FAI	Group A	4.99 ± 1.10^ab	5.06 ± 1.47^a	5.37 ± 1.80^a
	Group B	2.03 ± 0.58^a	1.92 ± 0.49^a	1.84 ± 0.62^a
FPG, mmol/L	Group A	5.38 ± 0.98^b	5.11 ± 0.72	5.20 ± 0.58
	Group B	4.88 ± 0.60	4.85 ± 0.55	5.01 ± 0.56
FINs, mIU/L	Group A	11.98 ± 2.73^a	12.08 ± 2.57^a	12.28 ± 2.44^a
	Group B	7.56 ± 2.03^a	7.75 ± 2.08^a	8.15 ± 2.16^a
HOMA-IR	Group A	2.69 ± 0.68^ab	2.63 ± 0.65^a	2.84 ± 0.63^a
	Group B	1.65 ± 0.55^a	1.69 ± 0.66^a	1.81 ± 0.52^a
TC, mg/dL	Group A	168.43 ± 28.57^b	164.24 ± 29.63^b	161.57 ± 26.75^b
	Group B	167.11 ± 30.16	168.12 ± 29.96	171.13 ± 28.19
TG, mg/dL	Group A	82.86 ± 18.34	82.70 ± 16.03	86.10 ± 17.66
	Group B	80.12 ± 19.06	78.37 ± 17.22	81.45 ± 18.69
HDL, mg/dL	Group A	46.84 ± 7.20^a	46.64 ± 5.78^a	48.84 ± 5.79^a
	Group B	50.90 ± 8.03^a	51.26 ± 8.92^a	51.82 ± 9.07^a
LDL, mg/dL	Group A	101.84 ± 30.93^b	103.14 ± 29.49	102.46 ± 28.64^b
	Group B	111.15 ± 22.57	112.09 ± 20.46	111.24 ± 21.91
Ovarian volumes, cm^3	Group A	9.74 ± 2.81^ab	9.66 ± 2.75^ab	9.60 ± 2.59^ab
	Group B	6.12 ± 1.30^a	6.11 ± 1.26^a	6.09 ± 1.27^a

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; AC, abdominal circumference; IMT, intima-media thickness of the carotid artery; SAP, systolic arterial pressure; DAP, diastolic arterial pressure; FSH, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone; LH, luteinizing hormone; T, testosterone; SHBG, sex hormone-binding globulin; FAI, free androgen index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FIN, Fasting insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.

^ap < 0.05 compared with two groups (standard deviation).

^bp < 0.05 compared to baseline value (intragroup comparison).

Table 3. The comparision between non-HA group and HA group in PCOS group with the baseline.

PCOS group	Group	improved	Not improved	P value
	HA Group	13	7	0.584
	Non-HA Group	23	19

Table 4. The comparision of HOMA-IR level between cases without insulin resistance in PCOS group with their baseline.

PCOS group	Baseline	6 month	12 month	24 month
	2.73 ± 0.64	2.56 ± 0.58^b	2.62 ± 0.59^a	2.78 ± 0.58^a

^ap > 0.05 compared to baseline value.

^bp < 0.05 compared to baseline value.