Impact of trophoectoderm biopsy for preimplantation genetic testing on serum β-hCG levels, time of delivery and birthweight following frozen embryo transfer cycles

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics for the groups with and without TE biopsy.

	Biopsied	Unbiopsied	p value
Maternal age, year (mean ± SD)	35.50 ± 4.92	29.25 ± 4.09	<.001
Maternal age groups (%, n)
<35 years	41.7 (48/115)	89.6 (155/173)	<.001
≥35 years	58.3 (67/115)	10.4 (18/173)
Maternal BMI (kg/m^2, mean ± SD)	23.88 (19)	23.50 (21)	.799
Maternal BMI groups (%)			.294
≥30 kg/m^2	15.5	10.4
<30 kg/m^2	84.5	89.6
Parity (%, n)
Nulliparous	85.2 (98/115)	90.8 (157/173)	.149
Parous	14.8 (17/115)	9.2 (16/173)
Previous abortions, (%, n)
0	49.6 (57/115)	90.8 (157/173)	<.001
1	26.1 (30/115)	6.4 (11/173)
≥2	24.3 (28/115)	2.9 (5/173)
Infertility period	4 (21.5)	3 (15.5)	.006
Type of Infertility
Primary	79.1 (91/115)	95.4 (165/173)	<.001
Secondary	20.9 (24/115)	4.6 (8/173)
Diagnosis, n (%)			<.001
Male factor	18.3 (21/115)	32.4 (21/115)
DOR	28.7 (21/115)	6.4 (11/173)
Endometriosis	1.7 (2/115)	5.2 (9/173)
PCOS	7.8 (9/115)	15.6 (27/173)
RPL	16.5 (19/115)	2.9 (5/173)
Tubal factor	2.6 (3/115)	8.1 (14/173)
UEI	13.9 (16/115)	27.2 (47/173)
Other	10.4 (12/115)	2.3 (4/173)

BMI, body mass index; DOR, diminished ovarian reserve; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; RPL, recurrent pregnancy loss; UEI, unexplained infertility.

Variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (quartile range). Student’s t test was used for continuous variables and chi square test was used for categorical values. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Table 2. Stimulation characteristics for the groups with and without TE biopsy.

	Biopsied	Unbiopsied	p value
Stimulation period, days	10.41 (10.52)	10.47 (8.04)	.044
Total gonadotropin dose (mean ± SD)	2,433.84 ± 886.22	2,113.63 ± 822.60	.002
Retrieved oocytes, n	12 (34)	17 (58)	<.001
MII oocytes, n	9 (28)	14 (57)	<.001
Endometrial thickness on ET day (mm)	9.05 (9)	9.80 (8)	.028
Endometrial thickness on hCG day (mm)	9.30 (14)	10 (12)	.214
Blastocyst transfer, (% n)
D5	80.9 (93/115)	97.7 (169/173)	<.001
D6	19.1 (22/115)	2.3 (4/173)
Serum hCG (mIU/mL)	1009.0 (6648)	1330.0 (60208)	.336

TE, trophoectoderm; ET, embryo transfer; hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin. Variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (quartile range). A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Table 3. Obstetric outcomes for the FET groups with and without TE biopsy.

	Biopsied	Unbiopsied	p value
Mode of delivery, (%, n)
Cesarean	92 (103/112)	82.4 (136/165)	.024
Vaginal	8 (9/112)	17.6 (29/165)
Sex of newborn, (%, n)
Male	50 (49/98)	51.9 (81/156)	.765
Female	50 (49/98)	48.1 (75/156)
Birthweight, g	3,200 (3,425)	3,380 (4,350)	.027
Birthweight (%, n)
≤1,500 g	1.9 (2/108)	0.6 (1/165)	.022
1,500–2,500 g	13 (14/108)	4.8 (8/165)
2,500–4,000 g	83.3 (90/08)	87.9 (145/165)
>4,000 g	1.9 (2/108)	6.7 (11/165)
Intrauterine growth, (%, n)			.008
SGA (≤2,500)	14.8 (16/108)	5.5 (9/165)
Normal	83.3 (90/108)	87.9 (145/165)
LGA (>4,000 g)	1.9 (2/108)	6.7 (11/165)
Gestational age, (week), (%, n)
<37	28.7 (33/115)	17.3 (30/173)	.023
≥37	67.8 (78/115)	78.6 (136/173)

FET, frozen embryo transfer; TE, trophoectoderm; SGA, small for gestational age; LGA, large for gestational age. Variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (quartile range). A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Table 4. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios the groups with and without TE biopsy for pretem birth.

Variables	Preterm birth
	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	p value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p value
TE Biopsy for PGT
Unbiopsied	1		1
Biopsied	1,918 (1.087–3.383)	.024	1,525 (0,644–3,611)	.338
Age	1,065 (1,009–1,123)	.022	1,015 (0,938–1,099)	.706
BMI	1,066 (0,989–1,15)	.094	1,66 (0,986–1,153)	.11
Smoking
Non-smoker	1		1
Smoker	1,975 (0,96–4,061)	.064	1,513 (0,602–3,799)	.378
Parity
Parous	1		1
Nulliparous	1,846 (0,841–4,051)	.126	0,856 (0,258–2,837)	.8

OR, odds ratio; PGT, preimplantation genetic testing; BMI, body mass index. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate the adjusted OR and controlled for the following covariates: age, BMI, smoking status, parity. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.