The role of anti-Mullerian hormone and other correlates in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of PCOS group and non-PCOS group.

Variable	PCOS group n (%)	Non-PCOS group n (%)	p-Value*
Age (years)			.075
<35	66 (54%)	57 (46%)
35–39	32 (48%)	34 (52%)
>40	2 (18%)	9 (82%)
Mean age (years)	31.75	32.96	.082
BMI (kg/m^2)			.547
Underweight <18.5	0 (0%)	2 (100%)
Normal 18.5–24.9	21 (53%)	19 (47%)
Overweight 25–29.9	32 (49%)	33 (51%)
Obese 30–34.9	47 (50.5%)	46 (49.5%)
Mean BMI (kg/m^2)	29.59	29.37	.770
Hirsutism	56 (82%)	12 (18%)	<.001
Acne	51 (65%)	28 (35%)	.001
Oligo/Amenorrhea	55 (83%)	11 (17%)	<.001
Polycystic ovaries on US	86 (86%)	14 (14%)	<.001

* p-value < .05 is statistically significant. BMI: body mass index; US: ultrasound.

Figure 1. Two box plots representing the distribution of AMH levels in PCOS group and non-PCOS group. The minimum, median and maximum values of AMH are higher in the PCOS group compared to the non-PCOS group.

Table 2. Hormone levels in PCOS group and non-PCOS group.

	PCOS		Non-PCOS group		p-Value*
Variable	Mean (CI)	Standard Error	Mean (CI)	Standard Error
AMH (ng/mL)	6.80 (5.99–7.60)	0.40	2.72 (2.19–3.25)	0.28	<.001
Vitamin D (ng/mL)	16.95 (15.42–18.48)	0.77	17.21 (15.31–19.11)	0.96	.83
LH (mIU/mL)	6.17 (5.05–7.29)	0.56	4.06 (3.62–4.50)	0.22	<.001
FSH (mIU/mL)	4.82 (3.37–6.28)	0.73	5.19 (4.52–5.86)	0.34	.65
LH/FSH	1.53 (1.30–1.76)	0.12	0.88 (0.78–0.98)	0.05	<.001
Estradiol (pmol/L)	168.49 (140.87–196.12)	13.92	191.94 (162.66–221.22)	14.76	.25
Prolactin (ng/mL)	14.02 (12.43–15.60)	0.80	15.34 (13.67–17.01)	0.84	.26
TSH (mIU/L)	2.31 (1.96–2.66)	0.18	2.55 (1.54–3.55)	0.51	.66

* p-value < .05 is statistically significant. CI: confidence interval; AMH: anti-Müllerian hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone.

Table 3. Possible predictors of PCOS (univariate model).

Variable	Odds ratio	Standard error	95% CI	p-Value*
Age	0.945	0.028	0.892−1.002	.057
BMI	1.001	0.027	0.950−1.054	.975
AMH	1.057	0.009	1.039−1.075	<.001
LH/FSH	2.973	0.713	1.858−4.757	<.001
LH	1.183	0.059	1.073−1.304	.001
FSH	0.987	0.027	0.936−1.040	.619
Estradiol	0.999	0.001	0.999−1.001	.178
Prolactin	0.999	0.001	0.998−1.001	.312
TSH	0.983	0.039	0.909−1.06	.67
Vitamin D	0.990	0.016	0.959−1.023	.557

* p-Value < .05 is statistically significant. CI: confidence interval; AMH: anti-Müllerian hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone.

Table 4. Possible predictors of PCOS after adjustment.

Variable	Odds ratio	Standard error	95% CI	p-Value*
Age	0.949	0.035	0.883−1.020	.157
BMI	1.046	0.037	0.976−1.120	.201
AMH	1.054	0.010	1.034−1.074	<.001
LH/FSH	4.560	2.565	1.514−13.734	.007
LH	0.808	0.092	0.647−1.010	.062
FSH	1.046	0.041	0.968−1.130	.252
Estradiol	0.999	0.001	0.996−1.001	.359
Prolactin	0.999	0.001	0.996−1.001	.189
TSH	1.003	0.045	0.918−1.095	.953
Vitamin D	0.999	0.022	0.958−1.043	.973

* p-Value < .05 is statistically significant. CI: confidence interval; AMH: anti-Müllerian hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone.

Figure 2. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for evaluating the diagnostic strength of anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) as a biomarker for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Area under the ROC curve = 0.9691. Cutoff value of AMH for predicting PCOS diagnosis = 26.8 pmol/L with specificity and sensitivity of 81% and 79% respectively.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from Hamad Medical Corporation. Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study and are not publicly available. However, data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and with the permission of Hamad Medical Corporation.