Contributing factors for pregnancy outcomes in women with PCOS after their first FET treatment: a retrospective cohort study

Figures & data

Table 1. The baseline clinical characteristics during IVF treatment between the women with and without clinical pregnancy group.

Characteristics	Clinical pregnancy (n = 397)	Non-clinical pregnancy (n = 177)	P-value
Age (years)	30.00 (27.00-32.00)	30.00 (27.00-32.00)	0.924
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.15 (19.80-25.33)	21.91 (19.81-24.67)	0.431
Duration of infertility (years)	3.10 (1.20-4.10)	3.10 (2.10-4.18)	0.144
Type of infertility			0.353
Primary	267 (67.3%)	112 (63.3%)
Secondary	130 (32.7%)	65 (36.7%)
AMH (ng/mL)	7.71 (5.83-10.50)	7.84 (5.24-10.56)	0.643
AFC	24.00 (20.00-30.00)	25.00 (21.00-30.50)	0.134
Basal FSH (mIU/mL)	5.93 (4.96-7.02)	5.81 (5.06-6.79)	0.580
Basal LH (mIU/mL)	7.14 (4.86-10.99)	8.46 (4.84-11.16)	0.262
Basal E2 (pg/mL)	37.75 (28.73-53.00)	38.44 (29.65-52.05)	0.562
Basal P (ng/mL)	0.23 (0.12-0.42)	0.21 (0.12-0.38)	0.532
Basal T (ng/mL)	0.41 (0.29-0.61)	0.41 (0.28-0.62)	0.800
Basal PRL (ng/mL)	14.50 (10.49-21.22)	14.85 (10.31-22.26)	0.964
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	5.31 (5.01-5.57)	5.30 (4.94-5.59)	0.600
Fasting insulin (μU/mL)	10.50 (7.10-15.90)	10.75 (7.10-17.28)	0.727
QUICKI	0.33 (0.31-0.35)	0.33 (0.31-0.36)	0.958
TSH (μIU/mL)	2.01 (1.48-2.70)	1.88 (1.36-2.57)	0.281
E2 (pg/mL) on hCG day	194.30 (143.10-265.85)	206.65 (156.95-287.48)	0.217
P (pg/mL) on hCG day	0.11 (0.06-0.18)	0.13 (0.08-0.22)	0.014
EMT (mm) on hCG day	9.00 (8.00-10.00)	9.00 (8.00-10.00)	0.006
No. of oocytes retrieved	21.00 (18.00-27.00)	22.00 (18.00-28.00)	0.454
Embryo quality			0.145
Cycle with high-quality embryos	383 (96.5%)	166 (93.8%)
Cycle without high-quality embryos	14 (3.5%)	11 (6.2%)
Fertilization method			0.165
IVF	341 (85.9%)	144 (81.4%)
ICSI	56 (14.1%)	33 (18.6%)
Clinician for embryo transfer			0.195
A	84 (21.2%)	48 (27.1%)
B	83 (20.9%)	29 (16.4%)
C	133 (33.5%)	65 (36.7%)
D	97 (24.4%)	35 (19.8%)
Duration of oral estrogen administration	22.00 (22.00-22.00)	22.00 (22.00-22.00)	0.603

Table 2. Multivariable logistics regression analysis on the contribution of the potential factors to clinical pregnancy outcomes.

Variables	Adjusted OR	95% CI	P-value
Maternal age (years)	0.987	0.934–1.044	0.654
BMI (kg/m^2)	1.019	0.969–1.072	0.466
AFC	0.980	0.960–1.002	0.070
Secondary infertility	0.847	0.572–1.253	0.406
Embryo quality	2.070	0.902–4.752	0.086
Duration of infertility (years)	0.960	0.879–1.048	0.358
E2 (pg/mL) on hCG day	1.000	1.000–1.001	0.603
P (pg/mL) on hCG day	0.109	0.018–0.670	0.017
EMT (mm) on hCG day	1.216	1.043–1.419	0.013

Table 3. Logistics regression analysis on the contribution of the potential factors to live birth outcomes.

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Variables	OR (95% CI)	P-value	aOR (95% CI)	P-value
Maternal age (years)	0.971 (0.926–1.017)	0.214	0.950 (0.896–1.008)	0.089
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.986 (0.945–1.030)	0.533	0.995 (0.935–1.059)	0.869
Secondary infertility	0.917 (0.647–1.299)	0.625
Duration of infertility (years)	0.979 (0.908–1.056)	0.585
AMH (ng/mL)	0.994 (0.956–1.033)	0.746
AFC	0.983 (0.964–1.003)	0.090
Basal FSH (mIU/mL)	1.043 (0.947–1.148)	0.397
Basal LH (mIU/mL)	0.997 (0.969–1.026)	0.844
Basal E2 (pg/mL)	0.999 (0.995–1.002)	0.478
Basal P (ng/mL)	1.031 (0.939–1.132)	0.521
Basal T (ng/mL)	1.032 (0.678–1.573)	0.882
Basal PRL (ng/mL)	1.001 (0.999–1.003)	0.435
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	0.939 (0.651–1.354)	0.735
Fasting insulin (μU/mL)	0.979 (0.956–1.002)	0.070	0.976 (0.948–1.005)	0.108
QUICKI (<0.357)	0.726 (0.440–1.199)	0.212
TSH (μIU/mL)	1.027 (0.879–1.200)	0.74
E2 (pg/mL) on hCG day	1.000 (0.999–1.000)	0.135	1.000 (0.999–1.001)	0.626
P (pg/mL) on hCG day	0.198 (0.037–1.057)	0.058	0.055 (0.007–0.420)	0.005
EMT (mm) on hCG day	1.264 (1.107–1.443)	0.001	1.179 (1.011–1.376)	0.036
No. of oocytes retrieved	1.004 (0.983–1.024)	0.729
Embryo quality	2.034 (0.898–4.609)	0.089	1.894 (0.728–4.924)	0.190
Fertilization method	0.704 (0.447–1.107)	0.129
Clinician for embryo transfer		0.319
Duration of oral estrogen administration	0.987(0.931–1.046)	0.647

Table 4. Logistics regression analysis on the contribution of the potential factors to miscarriage outcomes.

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Variables	OR (95% CI)	P-value	aOR (95% CI)	P-value
Maternal age (years)	1.063 (0.989–1.144)	0.099	1.060 (0.964–1.164)	0.228
BMI (kg/m^2)	1.067 (0.999–1.138)	0.052	1.057 (0.963–1.161)	0.246
Secondary infertility	0.906 (0.521–1.576)	0.727
Duration of infertility (years)	0.998 (0.891–1.117)	0.967	0.967 (0.850–1.099)	0.604
AMH (ng/mL)	1.024 (0.967–1.084)	0.423
AFC	1.010 (0.980–1.041)	0.504
Basal FSH (mIU/mL)	0.998 (0.870–1.145)	0.977
Basal LH (mIU/mL)	0.977 (0.929–1.027)	0.358
Basal E2 (pg/mL)	1.000 (0.995–1.006)	0.874
Basal P (ng/mL)	0.929 (0.712–1.212)	0.587
Basal T (ng/mL)	0.943 (0.484–1.838)	0.862
Basal PRL (ng/mL)	0.997 (0.993–1.002)	0.234
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	1.195 (0.743–1.924)	0.462
Fasting insulin (μU/mL)	1.029 (0.994–1.065)	0.101	1.011 (0.959–1.066)	0.678
QUICKI (<0.357)	2.776 (1.121–6.871)	0.027	1.967 (0.702–5.513)	0.198
TSH (μIU/mL)	1.008 (0.799–1.272)	0.946
E2 (pg/mL) on hCG day	1.001 (1.000–1.001)	0.051	1.001 (1.000–1.002)	0.270
P (pg/mL) on hCG day	0.873 (0.055–13.772)	0.923
EMT (mm) on hCG day	0.834 (0.680–1.023)	0.081	0.895 (0.704–1.139)	0.369
No. of oocytes retrieved	0.961 (0.927–0.996)	0.031	0.968 (0.926–1.013)	0.161
Embryo quality	0.530 (0.161–1.741)	0.295	0.809 (0.154–4.250)	0.802
Fertilization method	1.304 (0.649–2.618)	0.456
Clinician for embryo transfer		0.315
Duration of oral estrogen administration	1.015 (0.915–1.125)	0.782

Table 5. Logistics regression analysis on the contribution of the potential factors to preterm delivery outcomes.

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Variables	OR (95% CI)	P-value	aOR (95% CI)	P-value
Maternal age (years)	0.971 (0.891–1.059)	0.511	0.988 (0.877–1.114)	0.849
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.987 (0.912–1.068)	0.740	0.966 (0.864–1.080)	0.539
Secondary infertility	0.756 (0.395–1.445)	0.397
Duration of infertility (years)	0.985 (0.862–1.127)	0.830
AMH (ng/mL)	1.020 (0.954–1.090)	0.562	1.009 (0.897–1.135)	0.884
AFC	1.044 (1.008–1.080)	0.015	1.053 (1.003–1.106)	0.037
Basal FSH (mIU/mL)	0.969 (0.822–1.142)	0.704
Basal LH (mIU/mL)	0.992 (0.940–1.045)	0.753
Basal E2 (pg/mL)	1.003 (0.997–1.010)	0.330
Basal P (ng/mL)	0.919 (0.672–1.257)	0.596
Basal T (ng/mL)	1.248 (0.612–2.544)	0.542	0.933 (0.272–3.198)	0.911
Basal PRL (ng/mL)	1.000 (0.997–1.004)	0.905
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	1.809 (0.924–3.541)	0.084	2.476 (0.888–6.908)	0.083
Fasting insulin (μU/mL)	1.023 (0.975–1.073)	0.361
QUICKI (<0.357)	0.954 (0.395–2.300)	0.916
TSH (μIU/mL)	0.860 (0.614–1.205)	0.381
E2 (pg/mL) on hCG day	1.000 (0.998–1.001)	0.776
P (pg/mL) on hCG day	2.097 (0.090–49.043)	0.645
EMT (mm) on hCG day	0.960 (0.770–1.197)	0.717
No. of oocytes retrieved	0.981 (0.943–1.021)	0.342
Embryo quality	1.786 (0.222–14.403)	0.586
Fertilization method	1.245 (0.498–3.115)	0.640
Clinician for embryo transfer		0.194
Duration of oral estrogen administration	0.978 (0.843–1.134)	0.769

Data availability statement

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.