Residential grid storage technology battles: a multi-criteria analysis using BWM

Figures & data

Figure 1. A three-step data collection process.

Table 1. Characteristics of interviewees.

Expert	Background	Function	Expertise
1	Academia and Industry	Energy sector consultant and researcher	Battery Technology and applications, active participant in development of grid storage processes.
2	Industry	Chairman of the board of a company in the area of renewable energy technology	Battery technology, micro grid storage.
3	Academia	Post doc researcher, technical university	Use of domestic battery storage to optimise electricity network design.
4	Industry	Consultant, institutional design of energy systems	Domestic storage supporting energy transition, institutional economics.
5	Industry	Head of CIO office at Distribution Network Operator	Operational impact domestic battery storage.
6	Academia and Industry	PhD candidate	Renewable energy systems, role local storage, institutional economics.
7	Industry	Innovation officer at a Distribution Network Operator	Impact of battery storage on electricity network investment strategy.

Table 2. Weights of categories and factors.

Category	Weight	Factors	Local Weights	Global Weight
Characteristics of the format supporter	0.196	Financial strength	0.184	0.036
		Brand reputation and credibility	0.229	0.045
		Operational supremacy	0.452	0.089
		Learning orientation	0.135	0.027
Characteristics of the format	0.513	Technological superiority	0.536	0.275
		Compatibility	0.184	0.095
		Complementary goods	0.145	0.074
		Flexibility	0.135	0.069
Format Support Strategy	0.178	Pricing strategy	0.414	0.074
		Timing of entry	0.190	0.034
		Marketing communications	0.162	0.029
		Commitment	0.104	0.019
		Distribution strategy	0.130	0.023
Other Stakeholders	0.111	Current installed base	0.177	0.020
		Previous installed base	0.383	0.043
		Big fish	0.187	0.021
		Suppliers	0.120	0.013
		Network of stakeholders	0.132	0.015

Table 3. Ranking of the battery alternatives.

	Batteries
Factors	lithium ion	lead–acid	nickel-based	sodium-based	flow batteries	Local weights
Financial strength	8	7	7	3	3	0.036
Brand reputation and credibility	8	7	7	3	3	0.045
Operational supremacy	8	7	7	3	3	0.089
Learning orientation	8	7	7	3	3	0.027
Technological superiority	8	2	6	6	5	0.275
Compatibility	7	7	7	7	7	0.095
Complementary goods	8	2	3	3	3	0.074
Flexibility	7	7	7	3	3	0.069
Pricing strategy	2	8	2	3	5	0.074
Timing of entry	7	8	5	2	3	0.034
Marketing communications	8	7	2	5	4	0.029
Distribution strategy	8	6	4	7	7	0.023
Commitment	9	4	2	8	8	0.019
Current installed base	9	5	3	5	5	0.020
Previous installed base	8	8	5	2	2	0.043
Big fish	9	7	3	5	5	0.021
Suppliers	8	2	3	3	3	0.013
Network of stakeholders	9	4	3	7	6	0.015
Total score	7.430	5.171	5.321	4.510	4.373