A lightweight authentication scheme for telecare medical information system

Figures & data

Figure 1. Telecare medical information system.

Table 1. Symbols description.

Symbols	Description
$PRNG(\cdot )$	Pseudo-random number generator
$PUF(\cdot ),PUFM(\cdot )$	Physically unclonable functions
⊕	XOR operation
$\{r_1,r_2,r_3,r_4,r_5\}<n$	Random numbers less than n
$C_1,C_2$	Challenge information
$R_1,R_2,{R_1}^{\mathrm{\prime }},{R_2}^{\mathrm{\prime }}$	Response information
$I{D}_i$	Identification of tag
$HD(\cdot )$	Hamming distance
ε	Bit error threshold

Figure 2. The authentication process of the proposed scheme.

Figure 3. The predefined phase and ProVerif code of tag and server.

Table 2. ProVerif symbols.

Scheme symbols	ProVerif symbols
$r_1,r_2,r_3,r_4,r_5$	r1,r2,r3,r4,r5
$C_1,C_2$	C1,C2
$I{D}_i$	IDi
$M_1,M_2,\dots ,M_{12}$	M1,M2,…,M12
$R_1,R_2,{R_1}^{\mathrm{\prime }},{R_2}^{\mathrm{\prime }}$	R1,R2,R1${}^{\mathrm{\prime }}$,R2${}^{\mathrm{\prime }}$

Figure 4. Verification summary.

Table 3. The comparison of safety performance.

Schemes	Farash.	Li.	Salem.	Our scheme
Resists replay attacks	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Resists man-in-the-middle attacks	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mutual authentication	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Forward secrecy	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Anonymity	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Resists impersonation attacks	No	No	No	Yes
Resists side channel attacks	No	No	No	Yes

Figure 5. Storage cost comparison.

Table 4. The comparison of storage cost.

Schemes	Tag (bits)	Server (bits)	Total (bits)
Farash.	224	320	544
Li.	480	320	800
Salem.	1504	1504	3008
Our scheme	224	160	384

Figure 6. Communication cost comparison.

Table 5. The comparison of communication cost.

Schemes	Tag (bits)	Server (bits)	Total (bits)	Messages
Farash.	320	320	640	3
Li.	640	480	1120	2
Salem.	480	320	800	3
Our scheme	544	640	1184	4

Table 6. The comparison of computational complexity.

Schemes	Farash.		Li.		Salem.		Our scheme
	Tag	Server	Tag	Server	Tag	Server	Tag	Server
Hash functions	2	2	10	8	2	2	–	–
PUF	–	–	–	–	–	–	2	2
PRNG	–	–	–	–	–	–	2	2
Scalar multiplications	1	1	–	–	–	–	2	3
Chebyshev chaotic map	–	–	2	2	–	–	–	–
Modular exponentiation	–	–	–	–	2	1	–	–
Modular multiplications	–	–	–	–	1	1	–	–
Multiplicative inverse	–	–	–	–	0	1	–	–