On routing algorithms in the internet of vehicles: a survey

Figures & data

Figure 1. Structure of internet of vehicles.

Figure 2. Architecture of IoV.

Table 1. Literature survey in IoV.

Source	Concepts Discussed	Remark
J. Cheng et al. (2015)	Discussed Routing and Types of Routing Protocol	How Routing can be done in a real-world scenario, and how different types of Networks can make IoV more effective daily.
Yang et al. (2014)	Network Model of IoV technology and application of IoV	IoV routing interconnect the people within and around vehicles
Liu et al. (2016)	VANET Architecture, Protocols stack	Position-based Routing protocol comparison, Different positioning method used in Urban and IoV environment.
Al-Sultan et al. (2014)	VANET communication Domain, Wireless technology in IoV, Challenges and requirement of IoV	Major focus of IoV includes what kind of Architecture, technology, application and simulation used in a new paradigm.
Altayeb and Mahgoub (2013)	Routing used in Packet forwarding, Different types of routing	Comparison of different routing protocols, Vanet routing problem in V2V communication.
Bujari et al. (2018)	Routing in 3D area, Performance of routing protocol in urban environment	Some basic behaviour of different routing protocols on different network graph which represents the IoV scenario.
C. Wang et al. (2018)	Routing protocol in a vehicular network, Reinforcement learning, Architecture of SDCIV, Q-learning algorithm	It Proposes SDCIV and design of QCR to find out an optimal solution based on different Traffic scenario QCR compared with GPSR and AODV.
C. Chen et al. (2020)	Position-based routing used in IoV.	Traffic-aware and Link transmission quality-based routing protocol and the best route can be out using link preference routing protocol.
Han et al. (2020)	Network stability Analysis, Network Model Implementation of DBDR vehicle network	Network stability, The HTTP request and response success rate is always higher than DSDV and GPSR.
M. T. Abbas et al. (2020)	SD-IoV road ware approach, Functionality of IoV, Path failure notification, path duration estimation	Different protocols compared with different metrics are considered to evaluate the performance of proposed protocol for SDN-based IoV.
K. Z. Ghafoor et al. (2018)	Comparison of routing solutions in SDIoV, QRA algorithm for route discovery, LCA algorithm for discrete optimisation	QRA algorithm is used to find the optimal route(not shortest path) for reliable and stable data delivery.
Gasmi et al. (2020)	Zone routing protocol, Inter, Intra, SL-ZRP algorithm	SL-ZRP is used to achieve the expected Quality of service.
Kadadha et al. (2018)	VANET entities, Application, Different routing mechanism	Comparison of different routing protocol, Transmission strategy, and routing maintenance.
Venkatramana et al. (2017)	Different types of routing protocols like topology-based, Proactive, and Hybrid protocols and different types of routing such as OLSR, GPSR, and CBR	Design an efficient routing protocol for all VANET applications, Comparison of different classes of VANET routing protocols.

Figure 3. Routing strategy and different routing protocol.

Figure 4. Taxonomy of routing protocol in IoV

Figure 5. SDN enabled routing in IoV.

Table 2. Types of routing protocol comparison

Routing Protocols	Types of Routing	Information Used	DS/DT	Different Scenarios	Network Types
DSDV	Unicast	Topology	DS	1D/2D	Homogeneous
DSR	Unicast	Topology	DS	1D/2D	Homogeneous
AODV	Unicast	Topology	DS	1D/2D	Homogeneous
GPSR	Unicast	Position	DT	2D	Homogeneous
GPCR	Unicast	Position	DT	2D	Homogeneous
IVG	Geocast	Position	DS	1D	Homogeneous
DRG	Geocast	Position	DS	2D	Homogeneous
BROAD COMM	Broadcast	N/A	DS	1D	Homogeneous
Flooding UMB	Broadcast	Map	DS	2D	Homogeneous
DV-CAST	Broadcast	Local Information	DT	1D	Homogeneous
IGRP	Unicast	Position	DT	2D	Homogeneous
GSR	Unicast	Map	DT	2D	Homogeneous
STAR	Unicast	Map	DT	2D	Homogeneous
ANT Colony	Unicast	Map	DS	2D	Homogeneous
TDR	Unicast	Position Based	DS	3D	Homogeneous

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