The effect of turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) shell extract in normal and cyclophosphamide-treated mice

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Effect of pre-treatment with turtle shell extract (220 mg/kg, p.o. for 29 days) on PHA-induced spleen lymphocyte proliferation in normal and CP-treated mice. Values are means±SE (n=6). (a) Indicates significant difference in data between control and other groups (p<0.05), and (b) between CP and other groups (p<0.001).

Figure 2.  Effect of pre-treatment with turtle shell extract (220 mg/kg BW, p.o. for 29 days) on serum IgG level in normal and CP-treated mice. Values are means±SE (n=6). (a) and (A) indicate that, when compared with control group, the data of CP and extract groups were significantly different (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). (b) Indicates significant difference in data when CP group was compared with other groups (p<0.001).

Table I. Effect of pre-treatment with turtle extract (220 mg/kg BW, p.o. for 29 days) on spleen T cells in normal and CP-treated male BALB/c mice.

Group I	CD3^+	CD4^+CD8^−	CD4^−CD8^+	CD4^+CD8^+	CD4/CD8
Group I (CP)	41.36±1.97	29.66±2.41	15.41±1.27	0.50±0.12	2.09±0.31
Group II (control)	33.33±4.05	23.18±2.21	10.82±1.90	0.50±0.11	2.56±0.37
Group III (extract + CP)	56.62±3.08^ab	37.62±1.99^ab	17.00±2.38^a	0.72±0.20	2.57±0.55
Group IV (extract)	46.18±3.30^a	29.15±2.21^a	14.10±1.96^a	0.72±0.15^a	2.62±0.33
Values represent the mean±SE (n=5). CD3^+, Total T lymphocytes; CD4^+CD8^−, T helper 1 cells (Th1); CD4^−CD8^+, T helper 2 cells (Th2); CD4^+CD8^+, double positive T cells; CD4/CD8, Th1/Th2. ^aSignificant difference among data when control mice were compared with mice in other groups (p<0.05). ^bSignificant difference among data when CP-treated mice were compared with mice in other groups (p<0.05).

Figure 3.  Effect of pre-treatment with turtle shell extract (220 mg/kg BW, p.o. for 29 days) on serum ATL level in normal and CP-treated mice. Values are means±SE (n=6). (a) Indicates that, when compared with CP-treated mice, the serum ATL level in other groups increased significantly (p<0.05).

Figure 4.  Effect of pre-treatment with turtle shell extract (220 mg/kg BW, p.o. for 29 days) on serum AST level in normal and CP-treated mice. Values are means±SE (n=6). (a) Indicates that, when compared with CP treated mice, the serum AST level in both control and extract + CP-treated mice increased significantly (both p<0.05).

Figure 5.  Effect of pre-treatment with turtle shell extract (220 mg/kg BW, p.o. for 29 days) on the serum CREA level in normal and CP-treated mice. Values are means±SE (n=6). (a) and (A) indicate that, when compared with CP-treated mice, the serum CREA level in control and extract + CP-treated mice were both significantly increased (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). (b) Indicates that, when compared with control group, the serum CREA level of other groups were all significantly different (all p<0.05).

Figure 6.  Effect of pre-treatment with turtle shell extract (220 mg/kg BW, p.o. for 29 days) on the serum BUN level in normal and CP-treated mice. Values are means±SE (n=6). (a) Indicates that, when compared with control mice, the serum BUN level of CP and extract + CP-treated mice were all significantly decreased (both p<0.05).