Effects of glycinin and β-conglycinin on enterocyte apoptosis, proliferation and migration of piglets

Figures & data

Table 1. Ingredient composition and nutrient levels of the diets (as-fed basis).

				10–20
Body weight of pigs (kg)	3–5	5–10	10–20	IA	IB	IC
Ingredients (%)
Corn	14.00	27.50	72.55	72.05	77.05	77.05
Fish meal	11.00	11.00	13.00	13.00	13.00	13.00
Corn gluten meal	–	–	9.00	9.00	–	–
Wheat bran	–	–	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Whey powder	14.00	13.00	–	–	–	–
Milk powder	60.50	48.00	–	–	–	–
Glycinin	–	–	–	–	4.00	–
β-conglycinin	–	–	–	–	–	4.00
Salt	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Vitamin premix^a	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10
Trace mineral premix^b	0.20	0.20	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15
Cr2O3	–	–	–	0.50	0.50	0.50
Nutrient contents^c
Crude protein (%)	25.99	23.69	20.21	20.21	19.39	19.39
DE (MJ/kg)	17.68	16.95	14.16	14.16	14.13	14.13
Calcium (%)	0.56	0.7	0.54	0.54	0.55	0.55
Phosphorus (%)	0.48	0.8	0.67	0.67	0.66	0.66
^aVitamin premix provided per kilogram of complete diet: vitamin A, 45,000 IU; vitamin D3, 10,000 IU; vitamin E, 60 mg; vitamin K3, 5 mg; vitamin B1, 2 mg; vitamin B2, 15 mg; vitamin B6, 6 mg; vitamin B12, 0.05 mg; folic acid, 0.5 mg; biotin, 0.1 mg; niacin, 40 mg; and pantothenic acid.
^bTrace mineral premix per kilogram of complete diet: 25 mg; Cu (copper sulphate), 50 mg; Fe (ferrous sulphate), 160 mg; Zn (zinc sulphate), 160 mg; Mn, 40 mg; Se, 0.3 mg; I, 0.3 mg.
^cCalculated value.

Table 2. Coefficients of diet type on performance in pigs of different growth periods.

	Diets (D)
Items	Control group	Glycinin group	β-conglycinin group	SEM	P-value
Average daily gain (g/day)	248.57^a	214.29^b	216.14^b	5.95	0.02
Average daily feed intake (g/day)	379.00^a	345.00^b	344.00^b	6.05	0.02
Feed intake/Gain	1.53^b	1.61^a	1.59^a	0.02	0.03
^a,bDiet effect within a row, means without a common superscripts letter differ (P<0.05).
Note: SEM, standard error of the mean.

Figure 1.  Apoptotic cells (arrows) in the villus of mid-jejunum in piglets fed with soybean antigens (TUNEL, original magnification×800).

Figure 2.  Ki-67 positive cells (arrows) in the crypt of mid-jejunum in piglets fed with soybean antigens (Ki-67 immunostaining, original magnification×800).

Table 3. Effects of diet type and part of digestive tract type on enterocyte apoptosis, proliferation and migration in piglets, growers and finishers.

		Parts of digestive tract
Items	Diets	Duodenum	Mid-jejunum	Ileum
Apoptotic index	Control group	18.90±1.85^bn	21.90±1.60^a	18.20±1.40^b
	Glycinin group	22.10±1.75^am	22.90±1.71^a	19.10±1.71^b
	β-conglycinin group	21.20±1.89^bm	23.60±0.65^a	18.40±1.64^c
Proliferative index	Control group	12.90±0.74^an	14.90±0.74^b	11.80±0.67^a
	Glycinin group	15.00±0.61^am	15.30±0.45^a	12.20±0.45^b
	β-conglycinin group	15.30±0.91^am	15.50±a0.61	12.00±0.79^b
Enterocyte migration distance (µm)	Control group	774.18±105.79^a	559.46±158.73^b	614.98±132.35^b
	Glycinin group	695.44±62.11	665.42±44.10	712.23±110.23
	β-conglycinin group	727.43.95±55.05	646.37±60.92	698.00±153.59
Relative enterocyte migration rate	Control group	1.00±0.00^n	1.00±0.00	1.00±0.00
	Glycinin group	1.29±0.13^am	0.88±0.29^b	0.89±0.11^b
	β-conglycinin group	1.27±0.2^am	0.90±0.23^b	0.91±0.18^b
Notes: mn, diet effect within a column, means without a common superscript letter differ (P<0.05); ^abc part of digestive tract type effect within a row, means without a common superscripts letter differ (P<0.05).