An ultrasensitive immunochromatographic assay for non-pretreatment monitoring of chloramphenicol in raw milk

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison of different ICT assays for CAP rapid detection.

Antibody	Label	Quantitative LOD	Matrix	Pretreatment	Reference
pAb^a	Europium & Silica NPs	0.03 ng/mL	cow milk	NM^c	(Xia et al., 2013)
mAb^b	Quantum dots	0.3 ng/mL	milk	+^d	(Berlina et al., 2013)
mAb	fluorescence	0.1 ng/mL	chicken muscle	+	(Bai et al., 2013)
mAb	GNPs	10 ng/mL	milk	−^e	(Byzova et al., 2010)
mAb	GNPs	0.064 ng/mL	raw milk	−	this work

^a Polyclonal antibody.

^b Monoclonal antibody.

^c Not mentioned.

^d Sample with pretreatment.

^e Sample without pretreatment.

Figure 1. The schematic illustrations of ICT configuration (A) and the principle of the detection (B~D).

Figure 2. TEM image of the prepared colloidal GNP (scale bar of 50 nm).

Figure 3. ICT results of intensity and calibration curve (C) for CAP under optimization in raw milk (n = 3).

Table 2. Spiking results of ic-ELISA and ICT for CAP in milk.

	ic-ELISA(n = 6)		ICT assay (n = 3)
Milk spiked (ng/mL)	Mean (ng/mL)	Recovery rate (%) (Mean ± SD)	Visual records
0.003	0.00302	100.6 ± 0.01	ND^a
0.01	0.0107	106.8 ± 0.06	ND
0.03	0.0297	98.9 ± 0.18	ND
0.05	0.0496	99.2 ± 0.14	−, −, −^b
0.1	0.102	102.0 ± 0.09	±, ±^c, −
0.2	0.206	103.0 ± 0.23	±, ±, ±
0.3	0.298	99.3 ± 0.16	+, +, +^d
0.4	0.408	102.0 ± 0.21	+, +, +
0.5	0.510	102.0 ± 0.18	+, +, +

^a Not detected.

^b Negative.

^c Weak positive.

^d Strong positive.

Figure 4. The specificity of ICT assay against CAP analogs (CAP-HS, FFC, TAP, TAP-GH) in raw milk (n = 3).

Xia, X. H., Xu, Y., Ke, R. Q., Zhang, H., Zou, M. Q., Yang, W., & Li, Q. G. (2013). A highly sensitive europium nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay for detection of chloramphenicol residue. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 405, 7541–7544. doi:10.1007/s00216-013-7210-9

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Berlina, A. N., Taranova, N. A., Zherdev, A. V., Vengerov, Y. Y., & Dzantiev, B. B. (2013). Quantum dot-based lateral flow immunoassay for detection of chloramphenicol in milk. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 405, 4997–5000. doi:10.1007/s00216-013-6876-3

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Bai, Z., Luo, Y., Xu, W., Gao, H., Han, P., Liu, T., … Huang, K. (2013). Development of a new fluorescence immunochromatography strip for detection of chloramphenicol residues in chicken muscles. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93, 3743–3747. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6232

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Byzova, N. A., Zvereva, E. A., Zherdev, A. V., Eremin, S. A., & Dzantiev, B. B. (2010). Rapid pretreatment-free immunochromatographic assay of chloramphenicol in milk. Talanta, 81, 843–848. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2010.01.025

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