Assessment of Th1 and Th2 cytokine modulatory activity of an edible fern, Diplazium esculentum

Figures & data

Table 1. Serum concentrations of different Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines of mice that are treated with different doses of BDE for 15 (S1) and 45 (S2) days.

	15 days (S1)				45 days (S2)
Concentration of different cytokines^a	S1G1	S1G2	S1G3	S1G4	S2G1	S2G2	S2G3	S2G4
IL-2 (pg/ml)	35.59 ± 1.50	35.44 ± 1.45	34.92 ± 0.17	34.74 ± 0.13	35.21 ± 1.18	35.34 ± 1.02	33.92 ± 0.24	35.30 ± 0.21
IFN-γ (pg/ml)	1147.61 ± 8.16	1144.48 ± 8.75	1144.42 ± 8.39	1143.97 ± 11.07	1149.27 ± 1.38	1139.81 ± 7.52	1134.42 ± 8.39*	1130.64 ± 4.68*
IL-4 (pg/ml)	136.81 ± 2.23	136.55 ± 0.76	135.89 ± 1.47	135.81 ± 1.68	136.14 ± 1.81	134.87 ± 2.79	134.55 ± 0.88	133.14 ± 1.14
IL-10 (pg/ml)	3477.09 ± 3.09	3472.06 ± 7.58	3461.05 ± 6.44	3460.42 ± 12.87	3466.42 ± 11.74	3463.73 ± 12.77	3458.05 ± 2.12	3457.42 ± 8.69

^a All values are mean ± SD of three observations.

* p < 0.05 when compared with Group 1 (Control) (Significantly different).

Table 2. Serum concentrations of different Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines of mice that are treated with different doses of BDE for 90 (S3), 135 (S4) and 180 (S5) days.

	90 days (S3)				135 days (S4)				180 days (S5)
Concentration of different cytokines^a	S3G1	S3G2	S3G3	S3G4	S4G1	S4G2	S4G3	S4G4	S5G1	S5G2	S5G3	S5G4
IL-2 (pg/ml)	35.96 ± 1.51	34.56 ± 1.51	32.51 ± 0.61*	32.69 ± 0.22*	35.99 ± 1.55	32.04 ± 0.34**	30.76 ± 1.21***	29.09 ± 0.68***	35.99 ± 0.66	31.70 ± 0.52***	29.09 ± 1.06***	23.61 ± 1.09***
IFN-γ (pg/ml)	1152.27 ± 5.58	1136.48 ± 1.56**	1126.75 ± 5.14***	1119.97 ± 5.09***	1148.61 ± 4.91	1113.15 ± 6.77***	1098.75 ± 5.64***	1078.13 ± 5.34***	1150.94 ± 9.04	1013.15 ± 6.77***	984.73 ± 11.42***	902.99 ± 12.79***
IL-4 (pg/ml)	135.47 ± 1.31	131.22 ± 0.43**	130.22 ± 0.67**	129.81 ± 1.93**	136.81 ± 0.47	129.55 ± 0.76***	128.22 ± 0.46***	124.81 ± 1.93***	136.37 ± 0.87	126.55 ± 1.37***	125.97 ± 3.00***	119.81 ± 1.24***
IL-10 (pg/ml)	3467.09 ± 10.80	3457.06 ± 7.62	3441.38 ± 7.81	3440.76 ± 15.86*	3463.75 ± 4.52	3443.73 ± 3.02**	3434.71 ± 3.83***	3420.76 ± 6.64***	3470.42 ± 6.14	3407.06 ± 18.71***	3328.05 ± 9.52***	3227.42 ± 8.48***

^a All values are mean ± SD of three observations.

* p < 0.05 when compared with Group 1 (Control) (Significantly different).

** p < 0.01 when compared with Group 1 (Control) (Significantly different).

*** p < 0.001 when compared with Group 1 (Control) (Significantly different).

Figure 1. Effect of different concentrations (0–200 µg/ml) of BDE on IL-2 production by con A induced splenocytes. Data represents significant concentration-dependent decrease in IL-2 production. The results are mean ± SD of three parallel observations. ***p < 0.001 vs. 0 µg/ml.

Figure 2. Effect of different concentrations (0–200 µg/ml) of BDE on IFN-γ production by con A induced splenocytes. Data represents significant concentration-dependent decrease in IFN-γ production. The results are mean ± SD of three parallel observations. ***p < 0.001 vs. 0 µg/ml.

Figure 3. Effect of different concentrations (0–200 µg/ml) of BDE on IL-4 production by con A induced splenocytes. Data represents significant concentration-dependent decrease in IL-4 production. The results are mean ± SD of three parallel observations. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs. 0 µg/ml.

Figure 4. Effect of different concentrations (0–200 µg/ml) of BDE on IL-10 production by con A induced splenocytes. Data represents significant concentration-dependent decrease in IL-10 production. The results are mean ± SD of three parallel observations. ***p < 0.001 vs. 0 µg/ml.