Toxic effects of Zearalenone on intestinal microflora and intestinal mucosal immunity in mice

Figures & data

Table 1. Primer sequences for real-time PCR.

Gene	Primer	Sequence 5'-3'	product length
β-actin	Forward	CTTCGCGGGCGACGAT	86
	Reserse	GACCCATTCCCACCATCACA
β-defensin	Forward	AGGTGTTGGCATTCTCACAAG	134
	Reserse	TGGGCTTATCTGGTTTACAGGT
Mucin-1	Forward	AGACCCCAGCTCCAACTACT	178
	Reserse	TGACTTCACGTCAGAGGCAC
Mucin-2	Forward	TGTCCTGACCAAGAGCGAAC	139
	Reserse	TTTGAAGGCCACCACGTTCT
IL-1β	Forward	ATGCCACCTTTTGACAGTGATG	136
	Reserse	TGTGCTGCTGCGAGATTTGA
TNF-α	Forward	CCACCACGCTCTTCTGTCTA	121
	Reserse	TGGTGGTTTGTGAGTGTGAGG
IFN-γ	Forward	AAGACAATCAGGCCATCAGC	137
	Reserse	CTGGACCTGTGGGTTGTTGA
IL-10	Forward	GCATGGCCCAGAAATCAAGG	91
	Reserse	GAGAAATCGATGACAGCGCC

Figure 1. The effect of ZEA on the intestinal mucosal morphology of the jejunum in BALB/C mice. A: The jejunum of the CON group. B: The jejunum of the ZEA group.

Figure 2. A: Changes in the immune gene expression in the jejunum mucosa of the mice. B: Changes in the IgA levels in the jejunum faeces. All the data are expressed as the means ± SEM. *: P value < 0.05, **: P value < 0.01, ***: P value < 0.001.

Figure 3. Effect of ZEA on the intestinal microflora. Comparison of OTU.

Table 2. Effect of ZEA on bacterial community diversity in the jejunal digesta.

Sample	Effective Tags	OTU	Length(bp)	Ace	Simpson
CON	30075	109	426	134.2	0.23
ZEA	26487	103	426	119.0	0.35

Table 3. Common changes in the intestinal microbiome community.

	Microbiota	CON (%)	ZEA (%)	p-vlaue
Phylum	Cyanobacteria	0.100	0.006	0.038
Class	Epsilonproteobacteria	0.004	0	0.000
Order	Campylobacterales	0.004	0	0.000
Family	Helicobacteraceae	0.004	0	0.003
	Comamonadaceae	0.015	0.008	0.044
Genus	Helicobacter	0.004	0	0.002
Species	Helicobacter_rodentium	0.004	0	0.000
	Lactobacillus_intestinalis	18.24	1.90	0.023
	[Clostridium]_leptum_DSM_753	0.019	0	0.044
	Unclassified	71.61	84.40	0.017

CON: The relative adundance of intestinal Microbiota in the CON group; ZEA: The relative adundance of intestinal microbiome community in the ZEA group