Effects of dietary soybean lecithin oil on the immunoglobulin level and fat globule size of milk in lactating sows

Figures & data

Table 1. Ingredients and chemical composition of the experiment diets (as-fed basis)^a.

Ingredients, %	Soybean lecithin, %
	0	1.0	2.0	3.0
Corn	64.85	64.85	64.85	64.85
Soybean meal (43% CP)	18.5	18.5	18.5	18.5
Wheat bran	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.5
Fish meal (67% CP)	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
Soybean oil	3.0	2.0	1.0	0
Soybean lecithin	0	1.0	2.0	3.0
Dicalcium phosphate	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Limestone	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7
Choline chloride, 50%	0.25	0.25	0.25	0.25
Salt	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Premix^b	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.5
Chemical composition,^c %
DE, MJ/kg	13.93	13.87	13.81	13.74
CP	16.25	16.25	16.25	16.25
EE	6.81	6.81	6.81	6.81
Lys	0.83	0.83	0.83	0.83
Met	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28
Ca	0.75	0.75	0.75	0.75
T-P	0.65	0.65	0.65	0.65
A-P	0.36	0.36	0.36	0.36

^aAbbreviation: DE, digestible energy; CP, crude protein; EE, ether extract; Lys, lysine, Met, Methionine; Ca, calcium; T-P, total phosphorus; A-P, available phosphorus.

^bSupplied per kilogram of diet: vitamin A, 13,500 IU; vitamin D₃, 3000 IU; vitamin E, 44 IU; vitamin K₃, 3 mg; vitamin B₁, 1.8 mg; vitamin B₂, 6 mg; vitamin B₆, 0.3 mg; vitamin B₁₂, 0.024 mg; biotin, 0.03 mg; niacin, 24 mg; pantothenic acid, 15 mg; folic acid, 0.9 mg; 20 mg of Cu as CuSO₄·5H₂O; 120 mg of Zn as ZnSO₄; 0.3 mg of Se as Na₂SeO₃·H₂O; 40.07 mg of Mn as MnSO₄·H₂O; 100.50 mg of Fe as FeSO₄·H₂O; and 0.3 mg of I as Ca(IO3)₂.

^cDE, Lys, Met, Ca, T-P, A-P were calculated values. CP, EE were analysed values.

Table 2. Effect of supplementation of soybean lecithin during gestation and lactation on body condition of sows.

Items	Soybean lecithin, %				SEM	P-value
	0	1	2	3
No. of sows	12	12	12	12
Sow BW at farrowing, kg	272.7	274.0	280.3	275.3	3.300	0.891
Sow BW at weaning, kg	242.0	245.0	252.7	249.3	3.200	0.716
Sow BW change, kg	30.7	29.0	27.7	26.0	0.900	0.312
Backfact at farrowing, mm	20.56	20.63	20.81	20.60	0.151	0.859
Backfact at weaning, mm	17.13	17.56	17.81	17.19	0.164	0.416
Sow backfact change, mm	3.44	3.06	3.00	3.38	0.078	0.105
ADFI, kg	4.85	5.07	5.01	5.14	0.057	0.352
WEI, d	5.16	5.00	4.83	5.00	0.104	0.760

^a,bMeans within a row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).

Abbreviation: ADFI, average daily feed intake; BW, body weight; WEI, weaning to estrus interval.

Table 3. Effect of supplementation of soybean lecithin during gestation and lactation on piglet performance.

Items	Soybean lecithin, %				SEM	P-value
	0	1	2	3
No. of sows	12	12	12	12
Number of piglets born alive/ litter	11.38	11.50	11.25	11.00	0.213	0.871
Number of piglets at weaning/ litter	9.38	9.38	9.88	9.50	0.168	0.705
Survival rate of piglets, %	82.91	82.55	88.85	87.01	0.021	0.670
Piglet weight at birth, kg	1.36	1.45	1.58	1.48	0.041	0.342
Piglet weight at weaning, kg	5.31^b	5.72^ab	5.70^ab	6.15^a	0.097	0.013
Day 0–21 ADG, g/d	186.70^b	203.30^ab	196.70^ab	223.30^a	4.38	0.011

^a,bMeans within a row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).

Abbreviation: ADG, average daily gain.

Table 4. Effect of supplementation of soybean lecithin during gestation and lactation on the content of milk phospholipid and fat globule size in sows.

Items	Soybean lecithin, %				SEM	P-value
	0	1	2	3
No. of sows	12	12	12	12
PC, g/L	0.47^b	0.57^ab	0.70^a	0.71^a	0.036	0.017
PE, g/L	0.75	0.85	0.90	0.97	0.044	0.386
PI, g/L	0.21	0.13	0.15	0.17	0.014	0.208
Total phospholipid, g/L	1.43^a	1.55^a	1.75^b	1.85^b	0.041	0.037
AD of milk fat globule, μm	3.34^a	2.75^b	2.91^b	2.72^b	0.092	0.025

^a,bMeans within a row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).

Abbreviation: PC, phisphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI, phosphatidylinositol; AD, average diameter.

Table 5. Effect of supplementation of soybean lecithin during gestation and lactation on the composition and immunoglobulin levels of colostrum and milk in sows.

Items	Soybean lecithin, %				SEM	P-value
	0	1	2	3
No. of sows	12	12	12	12
Colostrum
Lactose, g/kg	32.40	32.40	32.73	31.60	0.481	0.897
Fat, g/kg	44.07	44.80	44.73	47.67	0.746	0.363
Protein, g/kg	192.00	193.47	192.67	194.30	0.853	0.843
Total solids, g/kg	270.53	262.53	268.6	273.53	1.905	0.222
IgG, g/L	52.00	55.40	54.33	55.87	0.590	0.061
IgA, g/L	7.93^b	8.33^a	8.23^a	8.40^a	0.062	0.015
IgM, g/L	2.81^b	2.80^b	3.15^a	3.07^a	0.010	<0.001
Milk
Lactose, g/kg	57.00	59.53	59.13	59.40	0.413	0.071
Fat, g/kg	68.60	71.13	67.47	69.67	0.598	0.152
Protein, g/kg	52.73	52.13	51.73	54.33	0.471	0.227
Total solids, g/kg	192.33	191.87	194.27	191.40	1.426	0.927
IgG, g/L	0.44	0.45	0.47	0.46	0.005	0.205
IgA, g/L	3.38^b	3.39^b	3.52^ab	3.57^a	0.032	0.041
IgM, g/L	1.25	1.28	1.27	1.28	0.006	0.151

^a,bMeans within a row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).

Abbreviation: IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgM, immunoglobulin M.

Table 6. Effect of supplementation of soybean lecithin during gestation and lactation on sow and piglet plasma immunoglobulin levels on day 21 of lactation in sows.

Items	Soybean lecithin, %				SEM	P-value
	0	1	2	3
No. of sows	12	12	12	12
Sows
IgG, g/L	6.71	6.70	6.71	6.73	0.005	0.321
IgA, g/L	0.26^b	0.28^b	0.30^a	0.31^a	0.006	0.001
IgM, g/L	0.30	0.30	0.31	0.31	0.002	0.752
Piglet
IgG, g/L	0.67	0.69	0.70	0.69	0.005	0.321
IgA, g/L	0.28^b	0.30^b	0.31^b	0.32^a	0.005	0.011
IgM, g/L	0.39	0.39	0.40	0.39	0.004	0.990

^a,bMeans within a row with different superscripts differ (P < 0.05).

Abbreviation: IgG, immunoglobulin G; IgA, immunoglobulin A; IgM, immunoglobulin M.