Functional bioactive substance improves the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function of growth retardation pigs

Figures & data

Table 1. Effects of functional bioactive substance supplement on growth performance of growth retardation pigs^a,b.

Item	Diets		P value
	CTR	FP
Initial body weight, kg	5.46 ± 0.45	5.48 ± 0.48	0.976
Final body weight, kg	9.08 ± 0.92	9.96 ± 1.24	0.585
Average daily gain, g/d	172.78 ± 24.42	213.69 ± 37.77	0.389
Daily feed intake, g/d	562.30 ± 46.78	419.44 ± 74.81	0.137
Feed:gain ratio, g/g	3.42 ± 0.26	1.99 ± 0.13	0.001
Heart, g/kg	4.68 ± 0.18	5.43 ± 0.56	0.230
Liver, g/kg	19.80 ± 1.52	28.16 ± 1.03	0.001
Spleen, g/kg	2.18 ± 0.19	2.12 ± 0.21	0.844
Kidney, g/kg	5.56 ± 0.24	5.67 ± 0.21	0.750

^aCTR = basal diet, FP = basal diet + 0.5% functional package.

^bThe relative weights of viscera were calculated as the organ weight divided by BW (g/kg). Values are mean ± SEM, n = 6.

Table 2. Effects of functional bioactive substance supplement on organ weight of growth retardation pigs.^a,b

Item	Diet		P value
	CTR	FP
Absolute weight, g
Heart	42.33 ± 4.39	44.00 ± 4.76	0.773
Liver	173.5 ± 8.54	277.33 ± 31.55	0.002
Spleen	19.67 ± 2.65	21.50 ± 4.03	0.120
Kidney	49.83 ± 4.16	56.17 ± 6.95	0.439
Relative weight to body weight, g/kg
Heart	4.68 ± 0.18	5.43 ± 0.56	0.230
Liver	19.80 ± 1.52	28.16 ± 1.03	0.001
Spleen	2.18 ± 0.19	2.12 ± 0.21	0.844
Kidney	5.56 ± 0.24	5.67 ± 0.21	0.750

^aCTR = basal diet, FP = basal diet + 0.5% Functional package.

^bThe relative weights of viscera were calculated as the organ weight divided by BW (g/kg). Values are mean ± SEM, n = 6.

Table 3. Effects of functional bioactive substance supplement on serum biochemical parameters of growth retardation pigs.^a,b

Item	Diets		P value
	CTR	FP
Total protein, g/L	46.42 ± 2.40	48.73 ± 2.10	0.484
Albumin, g/L	27.28 ± 2.10	25.23 ± 1.14	0.411
Alanine transaminase, U/L	64.43 ± 10.12	48.73 ± 5.94	0.211
Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L	44.50 ± 6.22	45.83 ± 5.36	0.874
Alkaline phosphatase, U/L	352.33 ± 10.55^a	204.83 ± 24.62^b	0.000
Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L	3.87 ± 0.31	4.10 ± 0.36	0.632
Glucose, mmol/L	3.52 ± 0.62	3.25 ± 0.39	0.723
High density lipoprotein, mmol/L	0.923 ± 0.05	0.885 ± 0.07	0.686
Low density lipoprotein, mmol/L	1.25 ± 0.14	1.19 ± 0.09	0.705
Cholesterol, mmol/L	2.37 ± 0.16	2.29 ± 0.12	0.695

^aCTR = basal diet, FP = basal diet + 0.5% Functional package.

^bValues are mean ± SEM, n = 6.

Table 4. Effects of functional bioactive substance supplement on serum free amino acid concentration of growth retardation pigs.^a,b

Item	Diets		P value
	CTR	FP
Aspartic acid, μg/mL	0.05 ± 0.02	0.19 ± 0.03	0.012
Tryptophan, μg/mL	9.00 ± 1.45	8.81 ± 1.55	0.929
Serine, μg/mL	11.13 ± 0.33	11.64 ± 1.01	0.176
Glutamate, μg/mL	3.87 ± 0.26	8.52 ± 1.66	0.066
Glycine, μg/mL	27.00 ± 2.12	32.59 ± 4.39	0.259
Alanine, μg/mL	14.31 ± 1.58	16.46 ± 2.64	0.487
Valine, μg/mL	11.60 ± 2.2	9.59 ± 1.37	0.492
Cysteine, μg/mL	0.59 ± 0.09	1.61 ± 0.33	0.014
Methionine, μg/mL	1.01 ± 0.16	0.85 ± 0.13	0.479
Isoleucine,μg/mL	7.19 ± 1.14	6.34 ± 0.51	0.550
Leucine,μg/mL	9.79 ± 1.63	8.91 ± 0.51	0.657
Phenylalanine, μg/mL	4.48 ± 0.53	4.85 ± 0.68	0.674
Lysine, μg/mL	13.62 ± 1.29	8.25 ± 1.46	0.028
Histidine, μg/mL	2.34 ± 0.27	1.85 ± 0.22	0.218
Arginine, μg/mL	7.78 ± 0.20	11.54 ± 1.11	0.041
Proline, μg/mL	5.01 ± 0.26	8.52 ± 1.11	0.048
Taurine, μg/mL	7.01 ± 0.53^b	9.16 ± 0.35^a	0.015

^aCTR = basal diet, FP = basal diet + 0.5% Functional package.

^bValues are mean ± SEM, n = 6.

Figure 1. Effects of functional bioactive substance supplement on blood anti-oxidation capacity of growth retardation piglets. Note: CTR = basal diet, FP = basal diet + 0.5% functional package.

Table 5. Effects of functional bioactive substance supplement on fluorescence intensity of serum cytokines and immunoglobulinin growth retardation pigs.^a,b

Item	Diets		P value
	CTR	FP
Interleukin-1β	713.59 ± 18.67	1114.38 ± 67.51	0.001
Interleukin-4	678.47 ± 91.49	1135.10 ± 80.19	0.004
Interleukin-6	565.86 ± 51.07	899.32 ± 69.64	0.003
Interleukin-8	882.79 ± 46.27	1317.64 ± 103.37	0.003
Interleukin-10	340.25 ± 28.32	674.32 ± 37.12	0.000
Interleukin-12	427.65 ± 30.24	753.23 ± 43.59	0.000
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor	375.17 ± 18.61	641.88 ± 76.60	0.016
Interferon-γ	370.78 ± 21.44	564.03 ± 36.77	0.001
Transforming growth factor-β1	1108.94 ± 106.95	1527.84 ± 77.23	0.010
Tumour necrosis factor-α	326.39 ± 9.10	510.79 ± 46.25	0.003
Immunoglobulin M, g/L	0.15 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.03	0.003
Immunoglobulin G, g/L	1.35 ± 0.20	1.71 ± 0.24	0.280

^aCTR = basal diet, FP = basal diet + 0.5% Functional package.

^bValues are mean ± SEM, n = 6.