The role of PR 10 proteins and molecular components of moulds and yeast in atopic dermatitis patients

Figures & data

Graph No. 1. The relative frequency of positive results to molecular components of PR 10 proteins, moulds and yeast, the frequency of mild (AD 1), moderate (AD 2) and severe forms of AD (AD 3), the frequency of asthma bronchiale (AB) and allergic rhinitis (AR).

Table 1. The characteristic of patients.

The characteristic of patients, number of patients
Patients suffering from atopic dermatitis	100 patients
Sex	48 men, 52 women
The average age	40.9 years (min. age 14 years, max. age 67 years)
The average SCORAD	39 points, s.d. 13.1 points
Severity of AD	AD1 – mild form 14 (14%)
	AD2 – moderate form 61 (61%)
	AD3 – severe form 25 (25%)
Family history about atopy	Positive family history 48 patients (48%)
	Negative family history 52 patients (52%)
Onset of AD	Under 5 years of age 61 patients (61%)
	After 5 years of age 39 patients (39 %)
Eczematic lesions	Persistent 57 patients (57%)
	Occasional 43 patients (43%)
Bronchial asthma	55 (55%)
Allergic rhinitis	74 (74%)

Graph No. 2. The relative frequencies of positive specific IgE to molecular components of PR 10 proteins and moulds, yeast in mild (AD 1), moderate (AD 2) and severe forms (AD 3) of AD.

Table

Molecular components	Proportions of positive and 95% exact (Clopper–Pearson) confidence interval
	AD mild form (n = 14)			AD moderate form (n = 61)			AD severe form (n = 25)
	Proportion	Lower	Upper	Proportion	Lower	Upper	Proportion	Lower	Upper
Betv 1	0.500	0.230	0.770	0.508	0.377	0.639	0.600	0.387	0.789
Fags1	0.357	0.128	0.649	0.475	0.346	0.607	0.600	0.387	0.789
Cora1.0103	0.429	0.177	0.711	0.443	0.315	0.576	0.600	0.387	0.789
Fraa1 + 3	0.214	0.047	0.508	0.426	0.300	0.559	0.640	0.425	0.820
Cora1.0401	0.286	0.084	0.581	0.410	0.286	0.543	0.600	0.387	0.789
Alng1	0.357	0.128	0.649	0.377	0.256	0.510	0.600	0.387	0.789
Mald1	0.143	0.018	0.428	0.393	0.271	0.527	0.600	0.387	0.789
Glym4	0.214	0.047	0.508	0.328	0.213	0.460	0.480	0.278	0.687
Arah8	0.214	0.047	0.508	0.311	0.199	0.443	0.440	0.244	0.651
Apig1	0.071	0.002	0.339	0.180	0.094	0.300	0.400	0.211	0.613
Dauc1	0.071	0.002	0.339	0.148	0.070	0.262	0.360	0.180	0.575
Alta1	0.214	0.047	0.508	0.262	0.158	0.391	0.280	0.121	0.494
Malas11	0.000	0.000	0.232	0.180	0.094	0.300	0.520	0.313	0.722
Aspf6	0.000	0.000	0.232	0.164	0.082	0.281	0.400	0.211	0.613
Aspf3	0.000	0.000	0.232	0.131	0.058	0.242	0.280	0.121	0.494
Clah8	0.000	0.000	0.232	0.115	0.047	0.222	0.320	0.149	0.535
Malas6	0.000	0.000	0.232	0.098	0.037	0.202	0.320	0.149	0.535
Sacc	0.000	0.000	0.232	0.098	0.037	0.202	0.320	0.149	0.535
Alta6	0.000	0.000	0.232	0.098	0.037	0.202	0.240	0.094	0.451
Malas5	0.000	0.000	0.232	0.082	0.027	0.181	0.200	0.068	0.407
Clah	0.000	0.000	0.232	0.016	0.000	0.088	0.200	0.068	0.407
Aspf1	0.000	0.000	0.232	0.016	0.000	0.088	0.120	0.025	0.312
Aspf4	0.071	0.002	0.339	0.000	0.000	0.059	0.080	0.010	0.260
Pench	0.000	0.000	0.232	0.016	0.000	0.088	0.080	0.010	0.260

Table

	Monte Carlo significance – p-values
Molecular component	Mild × moderate form AD	Mild × severe form AD	Moderate × severe form AD
Aln g 1	0.213	0.052	0.258
Alt a 1	0.530	0.392	0.490
Alt a 6	0.461	0.469	0.771
Api g 1	0.024*	0.029*	0.448
Ara h 8	0.293	0.047	0.109
Asp f 1	0.232	0.167	0.671
Asp f 3	0.155	0.025*	0.059
Asp f 4	0.574	0.313	0.481
Asp f 6	0.214	0.081	0.155
Bet v 1	0.523	0.108	0.106
Cla h	0.014*	0.004*	0.096
Cla h 8	0.138	0.000*	0.000*
Cora 1.0103	0.358	0.042*	0.072
Cor a1.0401	0.140	0.007*	0.083
Dau c 1	0.301	0.016*	0.010
Fag s 1	0.582	0.045*	0.073
Fra a 1 + 3	0.219	0.012*	0.131
Gly m 4	0.443	0.077	0.111
Mal d 1	0.041*	0.004*	0.112
Mala s 11	0.433	0.002*	0.002*
Mala s 5	0.288	0.073	0.126
Mala s 6	0.524	0.046*	0.045*
Pen ch	0.280	0.060	0.087
Sacc	0.143	<.001*	<.001*

Table 2. Sum of positive allergens of PR 10 respectively mould, yeast per patient in AD 1 (mild form), AD 2 (moderate form) and AD 3 (severe form) groups. The significant relation is recorded extra bold*.

Characteristics of SUM of positive components per patient		Mean	95% Confidence interval for mean		Median	Maximum	Interquartile range	Test Kruskal–Wallis
			Lower bound	Upper bound
PR 10 SUM	AD 1	2.86	0.69	5.03	0.50	11	6	p = 0.124
	AD 2	4.00	2.84	5.16	1.00	11	9
	AD 3	5.92	3.87	7.97	9.00	11	11
Mould and yeast SUM	AD 1	0.29	0.02	0.56	0.00	1	1	p < 0.001*
	AD 2	1.28	0.82	1.73	1.00	7	2
	AD 3	3.36	2.39	4.33	3.00	8	5

Table 3. The set of 31 significant rules. These rules are sorted in decreasing order by support.

	Nonredundant rules in ascending order by p-value. A rule represents positive result on all its components.		p-value
1	{Mala s 11}	{AD = 3}	0.0004
2	{Asp f 6, Mala s 11}	{AD = 3}	0.0021
3	{AR, Aln g 1, Fra a 1 + 3, Mal d1}	{AD = 3}	0.0056
4	{Asp f 6}	{AD = 3}	0.0063
5	{Aln g 1, Fra a1 + 3, Mal d 1}	{AD = 3}	0.0065
6	{AR, Aln g 1, Mal d 1}	{AD = 3}	0.0082
7	{AR, Aln g 1, Cor a 1.0401, Fra a 1 + 3}	{AD = 3}	0.0082
8	{Aln g 1, Cor a 1.0401, Fra a 1 + 3}	{AD = 3}	0.0092
9	{AR, Fra a 1 + 3, Mal d 1}	{AD = 3}	0.0116*
10	{AR, Aln g 1, Fra a 1 + 3}	{AD = 3}	0.0116*
11	{Aln g 1, Mal d 1}	{AD = 3}	0.0128*
12	{Fra a1 + 3, Mal d 1}	{AD = 3}	0.0128*
13	{Aln g 1, Fra a 1 + 3}	{AD = 3}	0.0128*
14	{Api g 1}	{AD = 3}	0.0153*
15	{AR, Mal d 1}	{AD = 3}	0.0161*
16	{AR, Aln g 1, Cor a 1.0401}	{AD = 3}	0.0161*
17	{AR, Cor a 1.0401, Fra a 1 + 3}	{AD = 3}	0.0161*
18	{Cor a 1.0401, Fra a 1 + 3}	{AD = 3}	0.0175*
19	{AR, Aln g 1}	{AD = 3}	0.0220*
20	{Mal d 1}	{AD = 3}	0.0235*
21	{Fra a 1 + 3}	{AD = 3}	0.0243*
22	{AR, Cor a 1.0401}	{AD = 3}	0.0295*
23	{AR, Cor a 1.0103, Fra a 1 + 3}	{AD = 3}	0.0295*
24	{Aln g 1, Cor a 1.0401}	{AD = 3}	0.0311*
25	{Cor a 1.0103, Fra a 1 + 3}	{AD = 3}	0.0311*
26	{AR, Alt a 1, Fag s 1}	{AD = 2}	0.0355*
27	{AR, Aln g 1, Cor a 1.0401, Gly m 4}	{AD = 3}	0.0383*
28	{AR, Cor a 1.0401, Fra a1 + 3, Gly m 4}	{AD = 3}	0.0383*
29	{AR, Fag s 1, Fra a 1 + 3}	{AD = 3}	0.0388*
30	{AR, Bet v 1, Fra a 1 + 3}	{AD = 3}	0.0388*
31	{Aln g 1}	{AD = 3}	0.0405*

The set of 8 significant rules (bold) – it is limited to the rules with Fisher Exact test p < 0.01, the set of 23 rules (marked bold with *) present significance 0.01 < p < 0.05. Rules are in significant association to severe AD form of AD (AD 3), exception the rule in italics, when we compared the significant relation to moderate form of AD (AD 2). No significant rule was related to mild AD. AR – allergic rhinitis, AB – asthma bronchiale.

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Table 4. Comparisons of relative frequencies of 31 significant rules within AD groups (AD 1 – mild form, AD 2 – moderate form, AD 3 – severe form of atopic dermatitis, AR – allergic rhinitis, AB – asthma bronchiale); p- values were adjusted for multiple testing (Benjamini–Hochberg = B-H).

Allergens associated with AD3 and association rules	Relative frequencies			AD pair-wise comparisons
Positive rules (frequency min = 10)	AD1 (n = 14)	AD2 (n = 61)	AD3 (n = 25)	Only significant pairs are presented at the level (B-H) adjusted p < 0.05
Mala s 11	0.000	0.180	0.520	AD1_AD2 (0.006), AD1_AD3 (0.001), AD2_AD3 (0.001)
Asp f 6, Mala s 11	0.000	0.131	0.400	AD1_AD2(0.044), AD1_AD3 (0.001), AD2_AD3 (0.005)
AR, Aln g 1, Fra a 1 + 3, Mal d 1	0.071	0.295	0.560	AD1_AD3 (0.008), AD2_AD3 (0.032)
Asp f 6	0.000	0.164	0.400	AD1_AD2 (0.011), AD2_AD3 (0.019), AD1_AD3(0.001)
Aln g 1, Fra a 1 + 3, Mal d 1	0.071	0.344	0.600	AD1_AD3 (0.004), AD2_AD3 (0.043)
AR, Aln g 1, Mal d 1	0.071	0.311	0.560	AD1_AD3 (0.008), AD2_AD3 (0.047)
AR, Aln g 1, Cor a 1.0401, Fra a 1 + 3	0.143	0.295	0.560	AD1_AD3 (0.032), AD2_AD3 (0.032)
Aln g 1, Cor a 1.0401, Fra a 1 + 3	0.143	0.344	0.600	AD1_AD3 (0.017), AD2_AD3 (0.044)
AR, Fra a 1 + 3, Mal d 1	0.071	0.328	0.560	AD1_AD3 (0.008)
AR, Aln g 1, Fra a 1 + 3	0.214	0.295	0.560	AD1_AD3 (0.040)
Aln g 1, Mal d 1	0.143	0.361	0.600	AD1_AD3 (0.017)
Fra a 1 + 3, Mal d 1	0.071	0.377	0.600	AD1_AD2 (0.041), AD1_AD3 (0.004)
Aln g 1, Fra a 1 + 3	0.214	0.344	0.600	AD1_AD3 (0.044), AD2_AD3 (0.044)
Api g 1	0.071	0.180	0.400	AD1_AD3 (0.047), AD2_AD3 (0.047)
AR, Mal d 1	0.071	0.344	0.560	AD1_AD3 (0.008)
AR, Aln g 1, Cora1.0401	0.143	0.328	0.560	AD1_AD3 (0.033)
AR, Cor a 1.0401, Fra a 1 + 3	0.143	0.328	0.560	AD1_AD3 (0.033)
Cor a 1.0401, Fra a 1 + 3	0.143	0.377	0.600	AD1_AD3 (0.017)
AR, Alng 1	0.214	0.328	0.560	AD1_AD3 (0.049)
Mal d 1	0.143	0.393	0.600	AD1_AD3 (0.017)
Fra a 1 + 3	0.214	0.426	0.640	AD1_AD3 (0.032)
AR, Cora 1.0401	0.143	0.361	0.560	AD1_AD3 (0.033
AR, Cora1.0103, Fra a 1 + 3	0.143	0.328	0.560	AD1_AD3 (0.033)
Aln g 1, Cor a1.0401	0.286	0.377	0.600	Pair-wise NS, linear_by-linear 0.048
Cor a 1.0103, Fra a 1 + 3	0.214	0.393	0.600	AD1_AD3 (0.033) notAdj
AR, Alt a 1, Fag s 1 to AD2	0.000	0.197	0.080	NS
AR, Aln g 1, Cora1.0401, Gly m 4	0.071	0.262	0.440	AD1_AD3 (0.017) notAdj
AR, Cora1.0401, Fra a 1 + 3, Gly m 4	0.071	0.262	0.440	AD1_AD3 (0.017) notAdj
AR, Fag s 1, Fra a 1 + 3	0.214	0.361	0.560	AD1_AD3(0.037) notAdj
AR, Bet v 1, Fra a 1 + 3	0.214	0.361	0.560	AD1_AD3(0.037) notAdj

Table 5. Coefficient of correlation (Kendall tau-b) between PR 10, mould, yeast allergens.

*Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Note: A value of coefficient of correlation greater than 0.7 is considered a strong correlation, value between 0.5 and 0.7 is moderate.