Funding and expenditure of a sample of community-based organizations in Kenya, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe

Figures & data

Table 1. Number of interviewed CBOs and available data on funding, expenditures, and volunteers in the overall sample and in Kenya, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe.

Country	Regions	Number of CBOs interviewed	Complete funding data	Complete expenditure data
Full sample	N/A	126	116	109
Kenya	Two Provinces: Nyanza and Western Kenya	26	26	18
Nigeria	Six States: Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Benue, Enugu, Kaduna, and Lagos and FCT	67	58	59
Zimbabwe	Two Provinces: Manicaland and Matabeleland South	33	32	32

Table 2. Summary statistics of the number of volunteers and persons reached by the CBOs in the past 12 months in the overall sample.

	Mean	SD	Median	Minimum	Maximum
Number of volunteers	85.98	196.69	21	1	1256
Number of persons reached in the past 12 months	9685.76	38,985.3	575	12	293,072

Figure 1. Percentage of total funding received from specified sources of support.

Figure 2. Percentage of total funding received from specified sources of support in Kenya, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe.

Table 3. Number and percentage of CBOs receiving support from different number of funding source types.

	CBOs receiving support from a specific number of source types
Number of different types of sources	N	%
1	60	50.90
2	39	33.10
3	16	13.60
4	3	2.50

Figure 3. CBO expenditure.

Figure 4. Percentage of CBO expenditures allocated to each expenditure category in Kenya, Nigeria, and Zimbabwe.

Table 4. Results of a multiple regression model of predictors of per CBO annualized funding.

	Total annualized funding per CBO β (SE)
CBO located in^Footnotea
Kenya	−1882.81
	(9797.50)
Zimbabwe	39,607.87*
	(10,584,05)
CBO received funding from
Public sources	12,615.37
	(10,034.11)
Bilateral sources	10108.80
	(8920.67)
Multilateral sources	27,534.87*
	(8274.92)
Charities, foundations, and NGOs	22,189.85*
	(8183.88)
Member contributions and IGAs	1206.67
	(8139.26)
Other sources	2562.58
	(8331.45)
Number of volunteers	25.32
	(26.35)
Constant	−7942.07
	(9891.6)
N	105
Adjusted R^2	0.296
P(F)	<0.001

Notes: ^aCBOs located in Nigeria are the reference category.

* p<0.05.

Table 5. Results of multiple regression models of predictors of CBO expenditures on program management and programmatic activities.

	Program management^Footnotea	Programmatic activities
	β	β
	(SE)	(SE)
Country^Footnoteb
Nigeria	0.1305	−0.0654
	(0.10)	(0.09)
Kenya	0.0858	−0.0819
	(0.11)	(0.16)
Total funds received	−4.4700E-06** (2.02E-06)	−1.44E-06 (3.05E-06)
CBO funded by
Public sources	−0.0978	−0.0338
	(0.10)	(0.09)
Bilateral sources	−0.0863	−0.0526
	(0.07)	(0.09)
Multilateral sources	−0.0725	−0.0277
	(0.06)	(0.07)
Charities, foundations, and NGOs	0.1853** (0.09)	0.0276 (0.09)
Member contributions and IGAs	−0.1433** (0.07)	−0.0117 (0.07)
Other sources	−0.0865	−0.0361
	(0.07)	(0.08)
Number of clients reached	2.06E-06* (1.13E-06)	1.80E-06 (1.68E-06)
Number of volunteers	3.9100E-04** (1.38E-04)	−1.08E-04 (2.21E-04)
Constant	0.2873**	0.7944***
	(0.10)	(0.11)
N	50	58
R^2	0.42	0.12
P(F)	<0.001	0.3

Notes: ^aOnly CBOs that reported expenditures on program management and administration were included in the models where program management was dependent variables. It was assumed that zero expenditure in this area was due to errors in reporting.

^b CBOs located in Zimbabwe are the reference category.

* p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01.

Table

Expense category	Subcategories included
HIV preventive service provided	Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) AIDS education in schools and HIV information through resource centers Screening blood for HIV infection Male circumcision Communication for social and behavior change Social marketing of condoms (education, distribution, and use) Development and distribution of information, education, and communication materials Use of mass media Commercial sex worker peer education Prevention measures among injecting drug users Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Prevention of HIV transmission aimed at persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) Programs for men who have sex with men Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) Other HIV preventive services
HIV treatment and care service provided	Clinical care Counseling Lab tests (e.g., CD4, viral loads) Anti-retroviral therapy (ART); herbal therapy and nutrition Other drugs (e.g., opportunistic infection, painkillers) Home-based care Other HIV treatment and care services
Socioeconomic impact	OVC support Physiological support for grandmothers Income generating activities (IGA) programs Group savings and loan programs
Capacity building	Training of community groups and staff Community monitoring and evaluation (M&E) activities Ministry of health support and networking collaboration Complementary programs (e.g., agriculture groups) Monetary incentive for human resources Other capacity building programs
Program management and administration	Planning, coordination, and administration Monitoring and evaluation Supply chain system Other administration services