The role of enacted stigma in parental HIV disclosure among HIV-infected parents in China

Figures & data

Figure 1. Variables and paths in mediation analysis.

Table 1. Background characteristics by disclosure group.

	Overall^a	Parental HIV disclosure
	(n = 1254)	Yes (n = 111)	No (n = 993)
Age (years)	38.90 (8.33)	39.36 (6.02)	37.31 (5.82)***
Gender (male)	742 (59.2%)	57 (51.4%)	591 (59.5%)
Ethnicity
Han	899 (71.7%)	66 (59.5%)	728 (73.4%)
Zhuang	303 (24.2%)	39 (35.1.0%)	232 (23.4%)
Others	51 (4.1%)	6 (5.4%)	32 (3.2%)**
Any religion	85 (6.8%)	7 (6.4%)	74 (7.5%)
Marital status
Currently married	950 (78.2%)	69 (62.7%)	786 (81.9%)
Currently unmarried	264 (21.8%)	41 (37.3%)	174 (18.1%)***
Residence
Rural residence	1040 (82.9%)	90 (81.8%)	834 (84.2%)
Work status
Full-time	544 (43.6%)	37 (33.9%)	457 (46.2%)
Part-time	429 (34.4%)	46 (42.2%)	357 (36.1%)
Do not work	275 (22.0%)	26 (23.9%)	176 (17.8%)
Education in years	7.04 (2.70)	6.59 (2.69)	7.14 (2.62)*
Household
Size of household (SD)	4.15 (2.08)	4.01 (1.88)	4.10 (2.13)
No. of working family members (SD)	1.53 (1.02)	1.63 (1.18)	1.51 (1.02)
No. of children	1.92 (.99)	1.85 (.88)	1.90 (.96)
Monthly household income
< 1000	694 (55.9%)	67 (61.5%)	547 (55.6%)
1000–1999	366 (29.5%)	29 (26.6%)	279 (28.4%)
2000–2999	119 (9.6%)	8 (7.3%)	105 (10.7%)
> 3000	63 (5.1%)	5 (4.6%)	52 (5.3%)
HIV infection
Duration since diagnosis (month)	44.39 (29.90)	51.58 (29.53)	45.92 (29.85)*
Infection in family (yes)	607 (48.4%)	44 (39.6%)	510 (51.4%)*

^aThe number of various items did not add to the total due to missing data.

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.

Table 2. Comparison of enacted stigma, depression, anxiety and ART adherence by disclosure group.

	Parental HIV disclosure
	Yes	No	F	p value
Enacted stigma	2.261 (.817)	2.072 (.414)	F(1,1103) = 10.528	.001
Depression	2.127 (.716)	1.907 (.595)	F(1,1102) = 6.246	.013
Anxiety	1.915 (.686)	1.700 (.477)	F(1,1101) = 11.972	.001
ART adherence	3.333 (.915)	3.521 (.707)	F(1,869) = 5.770	.017

Note: Conventional F statistics (based on Type III Sum of Square) were presented for univariate tests in MANOVAs. F statistics for multivariate test was 5.636 (p < .001).

Table 3. Correlation matrix among main measures.

	1	2	3	4	5
1. Disclosure	1
2. Enacted stigma	.121***	1
3. Depression	.108***	.240***	1
4. Anxiety	.128***	.231***	.780***	1
5. ART adherence	−.081*	−.084*	−.082*	−.092**	1
Range	n/a	1–6	1–4	1–4	0–4
Mean	n/a	2.091	1.922	1.710	3.504
SD	n/a	.466	.610	.502	.734

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.

Table 4. Coefficients in regression models for testing mediation effect of enacted stigma, controlling background characteristics.

	Coefficient of disclosure (α)	Coefficient of enacted stigma (β)	Coefficient of disclosure (γ)	Coefficient of disclosure ( γ′)
Paths	X–M (a)	M–Y (b)	X–Y (c)	[X,M]–Y (c′)	Sobel Z
Dependent variables
Depression	.205 (.048)***	.316 (.036)***	.228 (.062)***	.164 (.062)**	3.840***
Anxiety	.205 (.048)***	.251 (.030)***	.212 (.051)***	.164 (.051)**	3.804***
ART adherence	.205 (.048)***	−.144 (.045)**	−.211 (.078)**	−.184 (.082)*	2.561**

*p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.