Using communication privacy management theory to examine HIV disclosure to sexual partners/spouses among PLHIV in Guangxi

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive information and gender difference on measurements of CPM constructs among participants who disclosed HIV status (N = 125).

Variables	# of items	Sample items	Response options	Cronbach's alpha	Males (n = 87) (µ, SD)	Females (n = 38) (µ, SD)	t-tests (df = 123)
HIV stigma scale
Internalized stigma	8	I feel bad about myself I feel I'm dirty	1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree	.92	µ = 2.38 SD = .54	µ = 2.28 SD = .53	.88
Perceived stigma	6	Employers would fire employees who are HIV infected		.90	µ = 2.58 SD = .52	µ = 2.52 SD = .58	.53
Relational quality	4	You and your partner/spouse trust each other	1 = not true at all, 4 = very true	.89	µ = 3.04 SD = .76	µ = 2.92 SD = .74	.83
Motivations for disclosure
Catharsis	3	I don't need to conceal my testing and treatment procedures any more	1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree	.93	µ = 2.67 SD = .58	µ = 2.73 SD = .44	−.58
Duty to inform/educate	3	My partner would know more about HIV prevention	1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree	.82	µ = 2.55 SD = .53	µ = 2.60 SD = .48	−.49
Establishing close/supportive relationship	2	I will obtain more support from my partners	1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree	.77	µ = 2.35 SD = .61	µ = 2.49 SD = .46	−1.24
Motivations for nondisclosure
Concern about privacy	2	I will have to tell reveal my other secrets (such as my sexual orientation, one night stand)	1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree	.62	µ = 2.25 SD = .47	µ = 2.14 SD = .50	3.56***
Fear of rejection	3	My partner would blame me after hearing the information	1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree	.74	µ = 2.36 SD = .45	µ = 2.21 SD = .47	5.07***
Protecting the other	1	My partner would feel discriminated if she/he knew my diagnosis	1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree		µ = 2.59 SD = .59	µ = 2.42 SD = .63	4.16***

*p < .05.

**p < .01.

***p < .001.

Table 2. The association between socio-demographic characteristics and HIV disclosure to partners/spouses.

Demographic characteristics	Disclosed to partner (n = 125, 11.4%)	Not disclosed to partner (n = 968, 88.6%)	Chi-square
Age
≤37 years	59 (47.2%)	528 (54.7%)
>37 years	66 (52.8%)	437 (45.3%)
			2.52
Gender
Female	38 (30.4%)	548 (56.6%)
Male	87 (69.6%)	420 (43.4%)
			7.67**
Place of residence
Urban	3 (2.4%)	56 (5.8%)
Rural	121 (97.6%)	910 (94.2%)
			2.45
Religion
None	119 (96%)	888 (92.5%)
Religious	5 (4.0%)	72 (7.5%)
			2.00
Education
≤6 yrs	58 (46.8%)	445 (46.1%)
≥6 yrs	66 (53.2%)	521 (53.9%)
			.02
Employment
Unemployed	23 (18.7%)	165 (17.1%)
Employed	100 (81.3%)	801 (82.9%)
			.20
Marital relationship
Married/cohabiting	88 (74.6%)	897 (95.2%)
Single/separated/divorced/widowed	30 (25.4%)	45 (4.8%)
			67.99***
Relational quality (µ = 3.294, SD = .728)
≤3.294	82 (65.6%)	458 (47.4%)
>3.294	43 (34.4%)	509 (52.6%)
			14.728***
Monthly household income
≤999	62 (50.4%)	518 (54%)
1000–1999	34 (27.6%)	289 (30.1%)
>1999	27 (21.9%)	153 (15.9%)
			4.441
Number of people living together
≤4	71 (56.8%)	610 (63.1%)
>4	54 (43.2%)	356 (36.9%)
			1.901
Type of housing
Own house	109 (87.2%)	839 (86.7%)
Rent/others	16 (12.8%)	129 (13.3%)
			.027

*p < .05.

**p < .01.

***p < .001.

Table 3. Bivariate correlations between whether disclosed to partners/children and felt stigma and reasons for disclosing and not disclosing.

	Disclosed to partner
	Combined sample	Males	Females
Age	.01	−.01	−.01
Religion	−.04	−.02	−.06
Place of residence	−.04	−.10*	.07
Education	−.04	−.09*	.08
Employment	−.01	.02	−.07
Marital relationship	−.25***	−.27***	−.25***
Relational quality	−.10**	−.10*	−.11*
Monthly household income	.01	.07	−.03
# of people living together	.04	.06	−.03
Type of housing	.01	.03	−.05
Stigma
Negative self-image	.01	.02	−.01
Felt public attitudes	−.02	−.02	−.02
Motivations for disclosing
Catharsis	−.26**	−.29**	−.20**
Duty to inform/educate	−.31***	−.34***	−.25***
Establishing supportive relationship	−.26***	−.30***	−.18***
Motivations for not disclosing
Concern about privacy	.10**	.08 (p = .06)	.11*
Fear of rejection	.20***	.20***	.16***
Protecting	.06 (p = .07)	.06	.02

*p < .05.

**p < .01.

***p < .001.

Table 4. Logistic regressions predicting HIV disclosure based on demographics and reasons for disclosing.

	B coefficient (S.E.) OR(95% CI)
Predictors	Combined sample	Males	Females
Demographics
Gender	−0.61(.24)** 0.54(0.34,.86)
Township		−1.12(.66) .33(0.09, 1.19)
Education		−0.16(.23) .85(0.54,1.34)
Relational factors
Marital relationship	2.05(.29)*** 7.75(4.38,13.72)	2.29(.40)*** 9.84(4.53,21.38)	1.94(.46)*** 6.97(2.84,17.14)
Relational quality	0.08(.23) 1.08(0.68,1.71)	0.30(.30) 1.35(0.75,2.44)	−0.33(.39) .72(.33,1.55)
Catharsis	−0.49(.33) 0.61(0.32,1.17)	0.73(.42) 2.07(0.91,4.70)	0.10(.54) 1.11(0.38,3.20)
Duty to inform/educate	1.45(.40)*** 4.27(1.97,9.24)	1.20(.50)* 3.32(1.25,8,84)	1.87(.64)** 6.50(1.84,22.97)
Establishing close/supportive relationship	0.74**(.30) 2.10(1.17,3.75)	1.19(.37)** 3.27(1.57,6.80)	0.13(.49) 1.14(.44,3.00)

*p < .05.

**p < .01.

***p < .001.

Table 5. Logistic regression predicting HIV disclosure based on demographics and reasons for not disclosing.

	B coefficient (S.E.) OR(95% CI)
Predictors	Combined sample	Males	Females
Demographics
Gender	−.42(.23) (p = .06) .66(.42,1.02)
Place of residence		−1.14(.63) (p = .07) .32(.09,1.10)
Education		−.33(.27) .72(.42,1.23)
Relational factors
Marital relationship	1.84(.28)*** 6.58(3.80,11.56)	1.85(.37)*** 6.37(3.06,13.26)	2.00(.44)*** 7.40(3.15,17.39)
Relational quality	−.32(.21) .72(.48,1.10)	−.17(.27) .84(.50,1.41)	−.66(.37) .52(.25,1.08)
Concern about privacy	−.40(.28) .67(.39,1.15)	−.65(.32)* .52(.28,.97)	−.09(.48) .92(.36,2.36)
Fear of rejection	1.52(.28)*** 4.57(2.63,7.94)	1.57(.34)*** 4.80(2.46,9.36)	1.26(.52)* 3.53(1.28,9.73)
Protecting	−.41(.22) (p = .07) .67(.43,1.03)

*p < .05.

**p < .01.

***p < .001.