Caregiver satisfaction with paediatric HIV treatment and care in Nigeria and equity implications for children living with HIV

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of caregivers.

Variable	N	%
Age in years (n = 1533)
15–19	15	1
20–29	455	29.7
30–39	710	46.3
40–49	242	15.8
50 and above	111	7.2
Sex (n = 1549)
Female	1333	86.1
Caregiver relationship to a child (n = 1546)
Mother	1257	81.3
Father	130	8.4
Relative	159	10.3
Marital status (n = 1546)
Married	1210	78.3
Single, separated or divorced	179	11.5
Widow or widower	157	10.2
Education level (n = 1546)
None or informal	170	11.0
Primary	285	18.4
Secondary	703	45.5
Postsecondary Diploma and above	388	25.1
Employment status (n = 1532)
None	326	21.3
Employed in informal sector	988	64.5
Employed in formal sector	218	14.2
Income status (n = 1474)
<N18,000	914	62.0
N18,000–50,000	427	29.0
N51,000–100,000	105	7.1
>N100,000	28	1.9

Table 2. Dimensions of caregiver satisfaction.

Domains of caretaker satisfaction	Question	Response	N	% (95% CI)
1. Health worker–caregiver communication	(a) Health workers discussed the treatment of my child fully with me	Agree	1537	93.8 (92.6–95.0)
	(b) I find it easy to tell the health worker when I have missed giving medication to my child	Agree	1538	67.8 (65.4–70.1)
	(c) It is a problem that health workers do not speak my language	Agree	1542	7.7 (6.3–9.0)
	(d) The health workers are too busy to listen to the problems of my child	Agree	1547	19.4 (17.4–21.4)
2. Health worker attitude	(a) Some health workers do not treat patients who are living with HIV with sufficient respect	Agree	1543	89.9 (88.4–91.4)
	(b) The health workers I have seen respect me	Agree	1543	93.8 (92.6–95.0)
3. Privacy and Confidentiality	(a) Patient information is kept confidential in this facility	Agree	1540	90.0 (88.5–91.5)
	(b) In this facility you are able to talk to the doctors or nurses in private	Always	1532	55.6 (53.1–58.1)
4. Staffing and services	(a) The queues to see the health worker for paediatric HIV services are too long at this facility	Agree	1544	56.9 (54.4–59.3)
	(b) For your child ARV treatment, what would you prefer?	See a nurse in nearby facility	1471	57.3 (54.8–59.8)
		Travel further to see doctor	1471	32.2 (29.8–34.6)
	(c) How do you think the service in this facility could be improved?	(a) Shorter queues	1462	81.7 (79.7–83.7)
		(b) More health workers	1460	80.2 (78.2–82.3)
		(c) Cleaner facilities	1416	60.7 (58.1–63.2)
		(d) Better facilities	1354	69.8 (67.3–72.2)
Overall satisfaction	How satisfied were you with services for your child today?	Very satisfied/satisfied	1547	63.0 (60.6–65.4)

Figure 1. Scree plot of eigenvalues.

Table 3. Factor loadings after oblique rotation.

Variables	Availability	Attitude	Uniqueness
How satisfied were you with services for your child today?	−0.0259	0.5446	0.6992
Health workers discussed the treatment of my child fully with me	−0.0021	0.3366	0.8865
I find it easy to tell the health worker when I have missed giving medication to my child	0.3166	0.1003	0.8977
It is a problem that health workers do not speak my language	0.1075	−0.1795	0.9514
The health workers are too busy to listen to the problems of my child	0.0175	−0.2474	0.9374
Some health workers do not treat patients who are living with HIV with sufficient respect	0.0422	0.6806	0.5423
The health workers I have seen respect me	−0.0107	0.6047	0.6326
Patient information is kept confidential in this facility	0.0024	0.2892	0.9165
The queues to see the health worker for paediatric HIV services are too long at this facility	0.1012	−0.2049	0.9425
In this facility, you are able to talk to the doctors or nurses in private	0.1783	0.3163	0.8824
For your child’s ARV treatment, what would you prefer: To travel further to see doctor = Yes	−0.0663	−0.0716	0.9917
How do you think the service in this facility could be improved?
(a) Shorter queues	0.5482	−0.1241	0.6668
(b) More health workers	0.5872	−0.0418	0.6472
(c) Cleaner facilities	0.8164	0.0627	0.3426
(d) Better patient facilities (toilets, waiting room area)	0.7317	0.0160	0.4673

Table 4. Socio-demographic factor associated with caregiver satisfaction.

	Availability			Attitude
	Coef.	95% CI	p value	Coef.	95% CI	p value
Sex: female	0.10	−0.15–0.34	.45	0.01	−0.19–0.22	.89
Age	−0.005	−0.01–0.00	.09	−0.003	−0.01–0.002	.21
Marital status: married	0.08	−0.05–0.21	.23	−0.04	−0.15–0.06	.43
Relationship with a child:
Mother	−0.02	−0.21–0.18	.86	−0.12	−0.28–0.04	.14
Father	0.11	−0.19–0.41	.49	−0.05	−0.29–0.20	.70
Education: secondary and above	−0.09	−0.22–0.03	.12	−0.02	−0.12–0.08	.70
Employment: formal employee	0.25	0.10–0.41	.002	0.11	−0.02–0.24	.11
Annual income status:
<N18,000	0.05	−0.36–0.46	.81	−0.05	−0.38–0.28	.76
N18,000–50,000	−0.22	−0.62–0.19	.30	−0.03	−0.37–0.30	.84
N51,000–100,000	−0.09	−0.53–0.35	.70	−0.07	−0.43–030	.72
>N100,000 (ref)
Facility ownership: private	−0.32	−0.51–(−0.13)	.001	−0.18	−0.34–(−0.30)	.03
Random-effects parameters
State: sd(_cons)	0.021	1.1e^-12–3.9e^+8		0.28	0.05–1.43
Facility level: sd(_cons)	0.093	0.02–0.37		0.16	0.05–0.47
sd (residual)	0.876	0.84–0.91		0.72	0.69–0.75
LR test vs. linear regression	p = .1569			p = .0000