Public readiness for HIV self-testing in Kenya

Figures & data

Table 1. Features of included studies.

Authors	Primary institution	Study title	Sample size	Sample features	MSM and FSW	% male	% never tested	Survey dates
Kurth, Ann E and Siika, Abraham M	New York University	“Accuracy of oral HIV self-tests in Kenya: project description, findings, and recommendations”	239 (20 of which were video-taped)	Recruitment at clinics and at two workplaces in Eldoret (peri-urban)	N	36	10	November 2013
Stankard, Petra; LeTouzé, Olivier and Jones, Meghann	Population Services International	“How should HIV self-tests be packaged in Kenya?”	46: pre-mock-up: 5 FSW, 5 MSM, 16 General. Post: 4 FSW, 4 MSM, 12 general	Key informant interviews from various stakeholder groups in Mombasa (urban) and Siaya (rural)	Y	50	Unknown	October 2013 and January 2014
Ochako, Rhoune; Vu, Lung and Peterson, Katia	Population Services International	“Insights into potential users and messaging for HIV oral self-tests in Kenya”	782 general population + 100 MSM + 100 FSW	Household survey plus MSM and FSW surveys at drop-in clinics in Mombasa (urban) and Siaya (rural) using random sample	Y	45	12% of general population	November – December 2013
Okal, Jerry; Obare, Francis; Tun, Waimar and Matheka, James	Population Council	“Possible channels for distribution of HIV oral self-test kits in Kenya”	1436 general population + 317 service providers	Kisumu, Uasin Gishu, Nyandarua, Kilifi, and Nairobi using random sample Key informants also interviewed	N	34	11	October 2013
Kabiru, Caroline W.; Sidze, Estelle M., Egondi, Thaddaeus; Osok, Damar and Izugbara, Chimaraoke O.	African Population Health and Research Center	“Understanding the perceived social harms and abuses of oral HIV self-testing in Kenya: key findings of a cross-sectional study”	1133 survey + 118 in focus groups	Machako (rural), Korogocho and Viwandani (urban informal, Jericho and Harambee (urban formal) using random sample and for survey	N	50	20	August – November 2013

Table 2. Reasons why respondents would not use a self-test kit (of those that would not use a self-test) from Okal et al. (2014).

	Percent of women N = 969	Percent of men N = 467	Percent of never tested N = 163	Percent of total N = 1436
Number who would not use a self-test	n = 64	n = 30	n = 22	n = 94
Low perception of risk	17	23	32	19
Never seen	17	17	5	17
Fear knowing/don’t want to know	17	13	27	16
Question accuracy	6	17	9	10
Already know HIV+	5	10	–	6
Don’t know how	6	3	5	5
I can’t pretend/not ready/don’t want/fear and feel could die/could make someone suicidal	3	10	–	5
No care/treatment/support	3	7	0	4
Unsure of cost	5	3	–	4
Need to consult spouse	6	0	0	4
Don’t know where to get care	3	3	5	3
Already tested	5	0	–	3
Don’t know where to get counseling	0	7	5	2
Don’t know where to get kit	3	0	0	2
Prefer facility	3	0	–	2
Takes too long	2	0	–	1
No reason	13	7	18	11

Note: The hyphen indicates that information about this reason for this sub-sample was not available. Source: Okal et al. (2014) and authors’ calculations.

Table 3. Percent of participants who cite each type of facility as either the place where participant would be “most comfortable” obtaining the HIV self-test kit, or another location if the kit is not available at the “most preferred” place.

	Female (%) N = 974	Male (%) N = 472	Ever tested (%) N = 1278	Never tested (%) N = 167	Total (%) N = 1446
Government health facility	78	75	79	68	77
Private health facility	22	16	20	19	20
Pharmacy	23	20	23	18	22
Local administration	13	15	14	9	14
Shop or supermarket	12	13	12	13	12
Mobile clinic	13	10	13	6	12
Social marketing event	8	13	9	13	9
Community health worker	10	9	10	6	9
Faith-based or non-governmental health facility	9	9	9	7	9
School, church, or mosque	6	7	7	8	7
Community-based distributor	4	4	4	3	4
Family, friend, neighbor, etc.	4	8	5	10	5
Voluntary counseling and testing center	5	2	5	1	4
Community-based organization or self-help group	1	1	1	1	1
Non-governmental organization	0	0	0	0	0
Traditional birth attendant	1	0	1	0	0

Source: authors’ analysis of Okal et al. (2014) data.

Okal, J., Obare, F., Tun, W., & Metheka, J. (2014). Possible channels for distribution of HIV oral self-test kits in Kenya. Washington, DC and Nairobi: Population Council.

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